This study presents a corpus-driven analysis of the phraseological patterns of two near-synonyms, collision and crash. Following John Sinclair's theory of phraseology and employing a stepwise analytical procedure, it explores the nuanced similarities and differences in the patterns of these two words. Rather than merely investigating their contextual information, this study analyses each word in conjunction with its surrounding lexical environment. The results provide a detailed delineation of the patterns and meanings associated with these synonyms. First, the study identifies five strong patterns for each word—two unique and three similar. Second, the descriptions and comparisons presented here extend those found in popular learners’ dictionaries and offer a complementary perspective to the Behavioral Profile (BP) approach. Additionally, the findings underscore the value of the theory of phraseology in synonym discrimination. Based on these insights, implications for L2 English teaching and lexicography are discussed.
{"title":"Phraseological Pattern Analysis: A Corpus-Driven Framework for Discriminating English Near-Synonyms","authors":"Li Wei","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecaf024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaf024","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a corpus-driven analysis of the phraseological patterns of two near-synonyms, collision and crash. Following John Sinclair's theory of phraseology and employing a stepwise analytical procedure, it explores the nuanced similarities and differences in the patterns of these two words. Rather than merely investigating their contextual information, this study analyses each word in conjunction with its surrounding lexical environment. The results provide a detailed delineation of the patterns and meanings associated with these synonyms. First, the study identifies five strong patterns for each word—two unique and three similar. Second, the descriptions and comparisons presented here extend those found in popular learners’ dictionaries and offer a complementary perspective to the Behavioral Profile (BP) approach. Additionally, the findings underscore the value of the theory of phraseology in synonym discrimination. Based on these insights, implications for L2 English teaching and lexicography are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikola Vujčić, Julijana Vuletić Đurić, Aleksandar Nikolić
The goal of this paper is to describe the concept of the digital German-Serbian collocation dictionary currently under development. The dictionary is aimed primarily at Serbian-speaking learners of German and is therefore both a lexicographic and didactic project. In designing the dictionary, the authors strive to combine essential findings from corpus-based phraseology research with current insights from GFL didactics and methods. In addition, the needs of the young Internet generation will be taken into account. The present study is therefore intended to provide an insight into the thinking and working process involved in creating this dictionary.
{"title":"The Concept of a Bilingual Learner-Oriented German-Serbian Collocation Dictionary","authors":"Nikola Vujčić, Julijana Vuletić Đurić, Aleksandar Nikolić","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecaf021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaf021","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to describe the concept of the digital German-Serbian collocation dictionary currently under development. The dictionary is aimed primarily at Serbian-speaking learners of German and is therefore both a lexicographic and didactic project. In designing the dictionary, the authors strive to combine essential findings from corpus-based phraseology research with current insights from GFL didactics and methods. In addition, the needs of the young Internet generation will be taken into account. The present study is therefore intended to provide an insight into the thinking and working process involved in creating this dictionary.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the structure and historical significance of three dictionaries capturing Czech Sign Language signs. These works, created prior to the emergence of sign language linguistics and lexicography in Czech territory, offer insight into the early documentation of sign languages. Mücke (1834) uses written descriptions to record signs used at the Prague Institute for the Deaf and Dumb. Jarisch (1851), compiled during the heyday of sign use in education, includes illustrations and represents the earliest known pictorial dictionary of sign language in the region. Gabrielová et al. (1988), the first modern dictionary, uses photographs but reflects the limited linguistic recognition of sign language after a period of suppression. It builds on earlier, largely unsuccessful dictionary-making attempts from the 1950s, linked to efforts at standardisation and international unification. Although created in different historical contexts, all three dictionaries provide data for diachronic linguistic research and insight into the development of early sign language lexicography.
{"title":"First Dictionaries of Czech Sign Language","authors":"Lenka Okrouhlíková","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaf019","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the structure and historical significance of three dictionaries capturing Czech Sign Language signs. These works, created prior to the emergence of sign language linguistics and lexicography in Czech territory, offer insight into the early documentation of sign languages. Mücke (1834) uses written descriptions to record signs used at the Prague Institute for the Deaf and Dumb. Jarisch (1851), compiled during the heyday of sign use in education, includes illustrations and represents the earliest known pictorial dictionary of sign language in the region. Gabrielová et al. (1988), the first modern dictionary, uses photographs but reflects the limited linguistic recognition of sign language after a period of suppression. It builds on earlier, largely unsuccessful dictionary-making attempts from the 1950s, linked to efforts at standardisation and international unification. Although created in different historical contexts, all three dictionaries provide data for diachronic linguistic research and insight into the development of early sign language lexicography.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
My paper with Patrick Hanks on PMI (pointwise mutual information) was the most successful paper I ever wrote, or ever will write. I believe the paper was successful because it appealed to a number of different audiences for a number of different purposes. Patrick Hanks was more interested in applications in lexicography and I was more interested in applications in engineering. The first section on background will discuss the role our PMI paper played in moving computational linguistics from Rationalism to Empiricism. The second section will connect the dots between PMI and much of the recent excitement in Artificial Intelligence over bots like DeepSeek and large language models (LLMs).
{"title":"From PMI to Bots","authors":"Kenneth Church","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecaf007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaf007","url":null,"abstract":"My paper with Patrick Hanks on PMI (pointwise mutual information) was the most successful paper I ever wrote, or ever will write. I believe the paper was successful because it appealed to a number of different audiences for a number of different purposes. Patrick Hanks was more interested in applications in lexicography and I was more interested in applications in engineering. The first section on background will discuss the role our PMI paper played in moving computational linguistics from Rationalism to Empiricism. The second section will connect the dots between PMI and much of the recent excitement in Artificial Intelligence over bots like DeepSeek and large language models (LLMs).","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case study investigates the impact of different bilingual dictionaries on L2 vocabulary learning through meaning-focused reading among 369 intermediate English learners. Three dictionaries were selected that reflect the specific practices of the foreign language classrooms under study: PONS Online Dictionary, Langenscheidt Paper Dictionary and Le Robert & Collins Paper Dictionary. Participants read three short texts, translated 15 comprehension-relevant target words, and answered comprehension questions under one of three search conditions: online dictionary (n = 126), paper dictionary (n = 123) or on-screen glossary (n = 120). Meaning recall was assessed immediately and two weeks later. Logistic mixed-effects models revealed significant effects of the consultation method on retention, with the PONS Online Dictionary yielding the highest results. These findings highlight the potential of the PONS Online Dictionary as an effective tool for incidental L2 vocabulary learning. Future studies should examine whether these results hold with other dictionaries and different learning contexts.
本案例研究调查了不同双语词典对369名中级英语学习者通过意义导向阅读学习二语词汇的影响。我们选择了三本能反映所研究外语课堂具体实践的词典：PONS在线词典、Langenscheidt纸质词典和Le Robert &；柯林斯纸质词典。参与者阅读三篇短文，翻译15个与理解相关的目标单词，并在三种搜索条件中的一种下回答理解问题：在线词典（n = 126），纸质词典（n = 123）或屏幕词汇表（n = 120）。这意味着立即和两周后对记忆进行评估。Logistic混合效应模型揭示了咨询方法对保留的显著影响，PONS在线词典产生了最高的结果。这些发现突出了PONS在线词典作为附带二语词汇学习的有效工具的潜力。未来的研究应该检验这些结果是否适用于其他词典和不同的学习环境。
{"title":"A Case Study of Online and Paper Bilingual Dictionaries and their Impact on Vocabulary Learning through Meaning-Focused Reading","authors":"Isabelle Udry, Raphael Berthele","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecaf004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaf004","url":null,"abstract":"This case study investigates the impact of different bilingual dictionaries on L2 vocabulary learning through meaning-focused reading among 369 intermediate English learners. Three dictionaries were selected that reflect the specific practices of the foreign language classrooms under study: PONS Online Dictionary, Langenscheidt Paper Dictionary and Le Robert & Collins Paper Dictionary. Participants read three short texts, translated 15 comprehension-relevant target words, and answered comprehension questions under one of three search conditions: online dictionary (n = 126), paper dictionary (n = 123) or on-screen glossary (n = 120). Meaning recall was assessed immediately and two weeks later. Logistic mixed-effects models revealed significant effects of the consultation method on retention, with the PONS Online Dictionary yielding the highest results. These findings highlight the potential of the PONS Online Dictionary as an effective tool for incidental L2 vocabulary learning. Future studies should examine whether these results hold with other dictionaries and different learning contexts.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144237237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the paper, we try to classify texts from the criminal justice and security field according to the classification for LSP (Language for Specific Purpose) texts prepared by Mikolič (2007) for the typology of tourism texts. Within that classification, we outline the current position held by the LSP field of criminal justice and security in Slovenia and the development of field-specific terminology. The classification of texts allows us to collect manually samples of English text types with respect to subcategories of criminal justice and security texts. From the texts obtained, we automatically extract abbreviations and expansions from the field of criminal justice and security. The scope of the paper is to discover insights into abbreviations from the field of criminal justice and security. Texts are filtered using an algorithm for the automatic recognition of abbreviations—Krajšavar—and a list of English abbreviations and expansions from the field of criminal justice and security is obtained and published in Termania dictionary editing mask.
在本文中，我们试图根据mikolije（2007）为旅游文本类型化准备的LSP （Language for Specific Purpose）文本分类，对刑事司法和安全领域的文本进行分类。在这一分类中，我们概述了斯洛文尼亚刑事司法和安全领域的LSP目前所持的立场以及具体领域术语的发展。文本分类允许我们根据刑事司法和安全文本的子类别手动收集英语文本类型的样本。从获得的文本中，我们自动提取刑事司法和安全领域的缩写和扩展。本文的范围是从刑事司法和安全领域发现对缩略语的见解。使用自动识别abbreviations-Krajšavar-and的算法对文本进行过滤，从刑事司法和安全领域获得英语缩写和扩展列表，并在Termania词典编辑掩码中发布。
{"title":"Krajšavar—an Algorithm for Recognizing English Abbreviations in Texts Related to Criminal Justice and Security","authors":"Mojca Kompara Lukančič, Tilen Smajla","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecaf012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaf012","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, we try to classify texts from the criminal justice and security field according to the classification for LSP (Language for Specific Purpose) texts prepared by Mikolič (2007) for the typology of tourism texts. Within that classification, we outline the current position held by the LSP field of criminal justice and security in Slovenia and the development of field-specific terminology. The classification of texts allows us to collect manually samples of English text types with respect to subcategories of criminal justice and security texts. From the texts obtained, we automatically extract abbreviations and expansions from the field of criminal justice and security. The scope of the paper is to discover insights into abbreviations from the field of criminal justice and security. Texts are filtered using an algorithm for the automatic recognition of abbreviations—Krajšavar—and a list of English abbreviations and expansions from the field of criminal justice and security is obtained and published in Termania dictionary editing mask.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChatGPT has stirred debates in lexicographic circles, raising questions about its future role in the work of lexicographers. Between October 2023 and June 2024, this study investigated the opinions of 225 Polish students of English, focusing on their use of ChatGPT alongside monolingual and bilingual lexical tools. Our results indicate that ChatGPT is generally regarded as an effective aid for writing and translation. In addition, many students also engage with it for inspiration, curiosity-driven exploration and entertainment. Despite these motivations, monolingual and bilingual dictionaries still remain their go-to resources in various linguistic scenarios. Popular bilingual tools among Polish learners include Google Translate, Diki.pl, and ChatGPT, with Cambridge Dictionary and Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary ranking as the dominant choices for monolingual use. While learners express reservations about AI tools, by voicing doubts about the dependability of their responses, they applaud their speed in generating answers. Furthermore, the study highlights the rising prevalence of smartphone devices among Polish students for dictionary access.
{"title":"Dictionaries versus AI Tools through the Eyes of English Majors","authors":"Bartosz Ptasznik, Robert Lew","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecaf005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaf005","url":null,"abstract":"ChatGPT has stirred debates in lexicographic circles, raising questions about its future role in the work of lexicographers. Between October 2023 and June 2024, this study investigated the opinions of 225 Polish students of English, focusing on their use of ChatGPT alongside monolingual and bilingual lexical tools. Our results indicate that ChatGPT is generally regarded as an effective aid for writing and translation. In addition, many students also engage with it for inspiration, curiosity-driven exploration and entertainment. Despite these motivations, monolingual and bilingual dictionaries still remain their go-to resources in various linguistic scenarios. Popular bilingual tools among Polish learners include Google Translate, Diki.pl, and ChatGPT, with Cambridge Dictionary and Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary ranking as the dominant choices for monolingual use. While learners express reservations about AI tools, by voicing doubts about the dependability of their responses, they applaud their speed in generating answers. Furthermore, the study highlights the rising prevalence of smartphone devices among Polish students for dictionary access.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper, a follow-up to Boas/Ruppenhofer/Baker (2024), reports on the results and applications of the FrameNet database. It spells out how FrameNet data have been used in linguistic theory, computational linguistics, multilingual lexicography, and foreign language teaching and learning. The paper also provides more information about the organization of the FrameNet project, inlcuding organizational, financial, and personal challenges.
{"title":"FrameNet at 25: Results and Applications","authors":"Hans C Boas, Josef Ruppenhofer, Collin F Baker","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaf011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper, a follow-up to Boas/Ruppenhofer/Baker (2024), reports on the results and applications of the FrameNet database. It spells out how FrameNet data have been used in linguistic theory, computational linguistics, multilingual lexicography, and foreign language teaching and learning. The paper also provides more information about the organization of the FrameNet project, inlcuding organizational, financial, and personal challenges.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alenka Vrbinc, Marjeta Vrbinc, Donna M T Cr Farina
An immigrant dictionary has been defined as a reference work specifically designed for an immigrant audience. The need for dictionaries with this audience has increased, given the movement of peoples in the 21st century. Lexicography requires a deeper understanding of the nature of such dictionaries. In the present study, we delve into lemma choice: Which lemmata should the lexicographer choose to meet the needs of immigrant users? What are the cultural (nonlinguistic) reasons for lemma selection? Why did this lexicographer pick that “strange” lemma? How does the lexicographer’s own background impact upon appropriate lemma choices? To answer these questions, we investigate examples from four Slovenian–English and English–Slovenian dictionaries of the early 20th century, analyzing the cultural context and usefulness for immigrant users.
{"title":"“For the Benefit of my Countrymen”: Cultural Context and Lemma Choice in Early 20th-Century Dictionaries for Immigrants","authors":"Alenka Vrbinc, Marjeta Vrbinc, Donna M T Cr Farina","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaf009","url":null,"abstract":"An immigrant dictionary has been defined as a reference work specifically designed for an immigrant audience. The need for dictionaries with this audience has increased, given the movement of peoples in the 21st century. Lexicography requires a deeper understanding of the nature of such dictionaries. In the present study, we delve into lemma choice: Which lemmata should the lexicographer choose to meet the needs of immigrant users? What are the cultural (nonlinguistic) reasons for lemma selection? Why did this lexicographer pick that “strange” lemma? How does the lexicographer’s own background impact upon appropriate lemma choices? To answer these questions, we investigate examples from four Slovenian–English and English–Slovenian dictionaries of the early 20th century, analyzing the cultural context and usefulness for immigrant users.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines EFL teachers and students in Thai universities’ perspectives on digital dictionary use, particularly in the context of technological advancements and the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of 74 teachers and 900 students revealed significant differences in their dictionary preferences. While teachers preferred comprehensive online learners’ dictionaries for their accuracy and depth, students gravitated towards bilingual tools like Google Translate (GT) for their speed and convenience. The pandemic accelerated the shift to digital resources, with both groups increasingly relying on online tools for remote learning. Despite widespread technological readiness, teachers expressed concerns over the accuracy and educational value of quick-access tools such as GT, especially for complex tasks. The findings underscore the need for formal dictionary training that balances students’ preference for convenience with the necessity of deep language engagement. This study highlights how cultural and contextual factors have shaped dictionary use in the Thai EFL context, with implications for integrating more effective dictionary use strategies into EFL curricula. These insights contribute to a better understanding of how both teachers and students can navigate the evolving digital learning landscape in post-pandemic education.
{"title":"Understanding Thai EFL Teachers’ and Students’ Perspectives on Digital Dictionary Use in the Post-Pandemic Era","authors":"Atipat Boonmoh","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecaf008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaf008","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines EFL teachers and students in Thai universities’ perspectives on digital dictionary use, particularly in the context of technological advancements and the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of 74 teachers and 900 students revealed significant differences in their dictionary preferences. While teachers preferred comprehensive online learners’ dictionaries for their accuracy and depth, students gravitated towards bilingual tools like Google Translate (GT) for their speed and convenience. The pandemic accelerated the shift to digital resources, with both groups increasingly relying on online tools for remote learning. Despite widespread technological readiness, teachers expressed concerns over the accuracy and educational value of quick-access tools such as GT, especially for complex tasks. The findings underscore the need for formal dictionary training that balances students’ preference for convenience with the necessity of deep language engagement. This study highlights how cultural and contextual factors have shaped dictionary use in the Thai EFL context, with implications for integrating more effective dictionary use strategies into EFL curricula. These insights contribute to a better understanding of how both teachers and students can navigate the evolving digital learning landscape in post-pandemic education.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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