Twisting and extension: Application of magnetic tweezers to DNA studies

Magnetic tweezers have emerged as a vital force spectroscopy tool for characterizing the mechanical properties of nucleic acids and their interactions with proteins. Harnessing the principles of magnetic theory, magnetic tweezers allow for the precise manipulation of biological compounds at the single-molecule level through the imposition of a magnetic field. This review focuses on the application of magnetic tweezers in the context of DNA studies, with a particular emphasis on the mechanical properties of DNA and its dynamic interactions with proteins and enzymes. These interactions are essential to genomic transactions such as DNA replication, repair, and transcription. Over the last few decades, magnetic tweezer technology has experienced significant advancements, leading to the development of different types of magnetic tweezers. These technological breakthroughs have opened up new avenues of scientific research, including studies related to DNA elasticity, supercoiling, replication, and repair.