大学生考试焦虑的流行:对辅导的启示

Abubakar Sadiq Haruna, Sani Ahmadu Gurjiya, Sheu Adaramaja Lukman
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摘要

本文调查了大学生中考试焦虑的普遍程度及其对咨询的影响。该研究采用横断面调查设计,从8,989名学生中抽取368名学生(男性60.6%;女性39.4%),采用分层随机抽样技术。数据通过大学考试焦虑量表(UEAS)获得,其信度系数通过Cronbach Alpha统计估计为0.699。用t检验和方差分析(ANOVA)检验5个零假设,显著性为0.05。研究结果显示,大学生中普遍存在考试焦虑。尽管考试焦虑的普遍程度在性别、年龄组和师生之间没有差异,但在大学本科课程的各个层次之间却存在显著差异。这些研究结果对心理咨询的启示是,需要减少由考试焦虑引起的紧张,使学生能够集中精力参加考试。这可以通过采用生物反馈和心理教育方法来实现。该研究建议,辅导员应该让本科生掌握一些简单的策略来减少考试焦虑,比如正念技巧和简单的深呼吸练习。
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Prevalence of Examination Anxiety among Undergraduates: Implications for Counselling
The paper examined the prevalence of examination anxiety among undergraduates and its implications for counselling. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design in which 368 students were sampled from a population of 8,989 (male 60.6%; female 39.4%) undergraduates at Federal University Gusau (FUGUS) following a stratified random sampling technique. Data were obtained via an instrument called the University Examination Anxiety Scale (UEAS) whose reliability coefficient of 0.699 was estimated through the Cronbach Alpha statistic. Five null hypotheses were tested with t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 significance. Findings from the study revealed a significant prevalence of examination anxiety among undergraduates. Whereas the prevalence of examination anxiety did not differ with respect to gender, age group, and students-faculty, a significant difference was however established among the various levels of the undergraduate programme in the university. The implication of these findings for counselling is that the tension induced by test anxiety needs to be reduced to enable the students concentrate on their examination. This could be achieved by employing biofeedback and psycho-education approaches. The study recommends among others that counsellors should empower undergraduate students with simple strategies to reduce examination anxiety such as mindfulness techniques and simple deep breathing exercises.
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