Real-Time Monitoring of Parameters Contributing to Soil Quality in Palm Oil Plantation

Soil sustains the life of both animals and plants in the world. Most agriculture activities are conducted in soil. Real-time soil parameter data were collected in three villages of Kyela district (Kisare, Lupaso, and Mabunga) lowland zones during the September 2023 dry season. Observed real-time parameters were soil pH, Electric conductivity, temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, and humidity. Soil sensor, multifunctional converter, solar panel, 4G WIFI, and cloud platform (USRIOT) were used. The result shows that nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, pH, and Electric conductivity have a positive correlation with each other while demonstrating a negative correlation to pH and temperature. Although outliers were observed in real-time nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and electric conductivity datasets, they denote a wide variation of such parameters in selected villages. Furthermore, the selected study area demonstrates a relatively low amount of phosphorus compared to other macronutrients