A review of the recent development in self-healing rubbers and their quantification methods

The emerging self-healing concept in rubber materials appears to be a good option for reducing rubber waste since it can enhance the longevity of the product's structure in conjunction with standard development goals to ensure sustainable consumption and efficient use of resources. Self-healing elastomers are fabricated to heal cracks and damage both at the micro and macroscopic levels to restrict failure by incorporating healing agents extrinsically or intrinsically. The major successful techniques to fabricate self-healing rubber were reviewed. The review also focuses on testing and analysis methods to understand the healing phenomena and quantification methods to measure the healing performance. The review also includes an overview of the self-healing elastomers for tyre applications.