对工作强度及其具体组成部分造成的健康风险进行个人化评估的方法

N.V. Zaitseva, P.Z. Shur, D.N. Lir, V.B. Alekseev, А.О. Barg, I.V. Vindokurov, Е.V. Khrushcheva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

高工作强度(HWI)可发生在各种职业群体中并诱发健康障碍,这意味着有必要进行职业健康风险(OHR)评估。本文描述了评估HWI引起的OHR的系统方法,可以检查其特定组成部分的贡献,并过渡到个性化风险评估。建议的评估HWI引起的OHR的方法包括主观因素评估和健康自我评估。根据描述卫生指数具体组成部分的单独卫生指数,这些指标可在卫生指数增加一个单位时,确定更多的健康失调可能性,并进行进一步的风险评估。人格化风险评估包括使用为特定HWI组件(智力、感官或情感负载)创建的模板;工作单调;工作制度)。以脑力劳动为主的劳动者137人为研究对象,平均年龄43.9±8.01岁;平均工作时间14.5±3.7年)。综合健康风险人格化水平的计算数据被用于根据其优先级对可能的健康结果进行排序。精神障碍和涉及血压升高的疾病被确定为“高”健康风险。近视、紧张性头痛、外周血管动脉粥样硬化和慢性喉炎属于“中等”风险。包括免疫机制、耳鸣、缺血性心脏病、冠状动脉粥样硬化以及胃和十二指肠溃疡在内的某些疾病属于“中等”风险。详细的HWI评估可以确定其主要组成部分;感觉负荷和情绪负荷在整体健康风险中的比重分别为29.0±2.4 %和25.9±3.9 % (χ = 0.37)。建议将这些发现用于创建旨在减少OHR的个性化活动。
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Methodical approaches to personified assessment of health risks caused by work intensity and its specific components
High work intensity (HWI) can occur in various occupational groups and induce health disorders, which means occu-pational health risk (OHR) assessment is necessary. This article describes methodical approaches to assessing OHR caused by HWI with a possibility to examine contributions made by its specific components and transition to personified risk assessment. The suggested approaches to assessing OHR caused by HWI include subjective assessment of the factor and health self-assessment. They allow identifying additional likelihood of health disorders and performing further risk assessment when exposure to HWI grows by one unit as per separate HWI indicators describing its specific components. Personified risk assessment involves using a template created for specific HWI components (intellectual, sensory, or emotional loads; work monotony; work regime). The approaches were tested on workers with mostly mental work (n = 137, respondents’ mean age was 43.9 ± 8.01 years; mean work records were 14.5 ± 3.7 years). Calculated data of personified levels of the integral health risk were used to rank likely health outcomes as per their priority. Mental disorders and diseases involving elevated blood pressure were established to correspond to ‘high’ health risk. Myopia, strained headache, atherosclerosis of peripheral vessels, and chronic laryngitis corresponded to ‘medium’ risk. Certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, tinnitus, ischemic heart disease, and atherosclerosis of coronary vessels as well as stomach and duodenum ulcer corresponded to ‘moderate’ risk. Detailed HWI assessment made it possible to identify its leading components; the shares of sensory and emotional loads in the integral health risk reached 29.0 ± 2.4 and 25.9 ± 3.9 % accordingly (р = 0.37). It is advisable to use these findings for creating personified activities aimed at OHR mitigation.
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来源期刊
Health Risk Analysis
Health Risk Analysis Medicine-Health Policy
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
审稿时长
20 weeks
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