Malappuram地区高侵蚀易发区的LULC动态和基于自然的解决方案的应用

Thenmozhi M Mani, Sreejith Prasad, Riyola George, Jayabharathi J
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摘要

喀拉拉邦极易受到自然灾害的影响,主要是由于气候动态变化导致的土壤侵蚀。在2018年和2019年的洪水中,由于极端和长期降雨,喀拉拉邦的一些地区遭受了严重的洪水影响,导致大大小小的山体滑坡。马拉普兰是2018年和2019年遭受洪水影响的地区之一。灾害风险增加了一个关键因素,这个因素现在在该州一直在悄然上升,这就是土地使用模式和做法的变化。因此,在马拉普兰地区选定的流域(Kakkarathode - Pulikkal和Palathingal)进行了土地利用和土地覆盖动态研究,并发现了该地区的主要山体滑坡。在2013年、2018年和2020年不同的时间段进行了LULC动态研究。使用LISS IV (5.8 m分辨率)卫星图像进行分析和实地考察,以确定相关变化。使用误差矩阵和kappa统计来评估分类的准确性。2013年、2018年和2020年的总体准确率分别为84.93%、86.21%和87.5%,Kappa值分别为0.82、0.84和0.85,表明分类准确率较高。洪水主要影响人工林、水田和混交林,这些人工林在2018- 2020年减少,导致更多的荒地和荒地出现。LULC有助于识别易受侵蚀地区的变化。利用土地利用价值变化评价可以有效地确定侵蚀危险区及其土壤治理与保持措施的优先级。在高风险危险区区域,根据分类区域的不同,可以采取植树种草(如灌木、香根草等)、建池塘、建绿墙、植被组合等基于自然的解决方案。
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LULC dynamics and application of nature based solution in high erosion prone areas of Malappuram District
Kerala State is highly vulnerable to natural disasters, mainly soil erosion due to changing climatic dynamics in the steep slope. In 2018 and 2019 flood, some districts in Kerala State were affected by significant floods due to extreme and prolonged rainfall, leads to large and small landslides. Malappuram is one of the districts that got affected in 2018 and 2019 flood. Disaster risks are augmented by a critical factor that has been silently rising in the State now, which is change in the land use pattern and practices. Hence, the Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics study was conducted in the selected watersheds (Kakkarathode – Pulikkal and Palathingal) of Malappuram district, and spotted major landslides in the area. The LULC dynamics were carried out in the different time periods like 2013, 2018 and 2020. LISS IV (5.8 m resolution) satellite images were used for the analysis and field visit, to identify the related changes. Accuracy of the classification was evaluated using error matrices and kappa statistics. The overall accuracies for 2013, 2018 and 2020 were 84.93%, 86.21% and 87.5% respectively and the corresponding Kappa values were 0.82, 0.84 and 0.85 which indicates the high accuracy of the classification. The flood has mainly affected Plantation, Paddy and Mixed Plantation which had been decreased during 2018-20 and has resulted in the emergence of more Barren land and Waste Land. LULC helps in identifying the changes in the erosion prone areas. Moreover, erosion hazardous area and its prioritization in applying the soil management and conservation practices can be effectively done using LULC change assessment. Nature based solutions such as planting trees and grasses (like shrubs, vetiver grass etc.), construction of ponds, creation of green walls and assemblage of vegetations can be adopted in the region of high-risk hazardous area depending on the categorized zone.
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