重晶石动态凹陷及倾斜和管道旋转影响的试验研究

IF 3.2 3区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, PETROLEUM SPE Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.2118/217987-pa
Muili F. Fakoya, Ramadan Ahmed
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引用次数: 0

摘要

重晶石凹陷会导致井筒压力波动,这是不希望发生的。这些问题通常发生在油基泥浆(obm)中;反相乳化液),并与流体性质和操作参数有关。与这种不良现象相关的钻井问题包括井筒不稳定、漏失和卡钻。由于重晶石下垂是一种复杂的现象,其产生和加剧的机制仍需要充分了解,以减轻这些问题。该研究考察了井筒中重晶石在管内旋转时的下垂情况,以了解这一过程并制定预防策略。因此,在改变内管旋转和倾斜角度的同心环空试验段中,采用OBM进行了流环研究。测试在高温(49°C)下进行,以模拟井眼条件。通过测量测试段中泥浆样品的压力分布,对重晶石凹陷进行了评价。利用这些数据,我们计算了柱的顶部和底部部分之间的密度差。这项工作的新颖之处在于连续监测泥浆柱的密度分布,泥浆柱被剪切在两个同轴柱之间,以模拟钻柱在井筒中的旋转,并利用这些数据来评估重晶石凹陷。结果表明,压力剖面随时间的变化,表明重晶石颗粒在试验段底部呈下垂状态。由于重晶石的下垂,随着时间的推移,泥浆柱顶部的密度降低,而底部的密度增加。重晶石颗粒向环空外壁的侧向沉降增强了倾斜形态的重晶石凹陷。沉降形成两个不同密度的悬浮层,导致二次流动,加剧了下沉。因此,导致重晶石下垂的主要因素是倾斜。当井斜角度从0°增加到50°时,泥浆密度差显著增加(超过两倍)。此外,在测试过程的早期阶段(不到20分钟),管道的旋转延迟了下沉。然而,随着下垂的进展,它没有太大的影响,导致两种情况下(即有旋转和没有旋转)的密度差大致相同。
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Experimental Study on Dynamic Barite Sag and Effects of Inclination and Pipe Rotation
Summary Barite sag causes pressure fluctuations in the wellbore, which is undesirable. These problems usually occur with oil-based muds (OBMs; invert emulsion muds) and are associated with fluid properties and operation parameters. Drilling issues related to this undesirable phenomenon include wellbore instability, lost circulation, and stuck pipes. As barite sagging is a complex phenomenon, the mechanisms that cause and aggravate it still need to be fully understood to mitigate these problems. This study examines barite sagging in the wellbore with inner pipe rotation to understand the process and develop prevention strategies. Thus, a flow loop study with OBM is conducted in a concentric annular test section with varying inner pipe rotation and inclination angles. The tests were performed at an elevated temperature (49°C) to simulate borehole conditions. By measuring the pressure profile in a mud sample trapped in the test section, barite sagging was evaluated. Using the data, we calculated the density difference between the top and bottom sections of the column. The novelty of the work lies in continuous monitoring of the density profile of the mud column, which is sheared between two coaxial cylinders to simulate drillstring rotation in the wellbore, and utilizing the data for evaluating barite sag. The results show the evolution of the pressure profile with time, indicating the sagging of barite particles at the bottom of the test section. Due to barite sagging, the density of the top portion of the mud column decreased over time, while the density of the bottom part increased. The lateral sedimentation of barite particles toward the annulus outer wall enhances barite sag in inclined configurations. The sedimentation creates two suspension layers with different densities, leading to secondary flow, which enhances sagging. Hence, the primary factor driving barite sagging is inclination. An increase in inclination angle from 0° to 50° resulted in a significant (more than twofold) increase in mud density difference. Also, the rotation of the pipe delayed sagging during the early phases of the testing process (less than 20 minutes). However, it did not have much effect as the sagging progressed, resulting in approximately the same density difference in both cases (i.e., with and without rotation).
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来源期刊
SPE Journal
SPE Journal 工程技术-工程:石油
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
11.10%
发文量
229
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: Covers theories and emerging concepts spanning all aspects of engineering for oil and gas exploration and production, including reservoir characterization, multiphase flow, drilling dynamics, well architecture, gas well deliverability, numerical simulation, enhanced oil recovery, CO2 sequestration, and benchmarking and performance indicators.
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