A high-efficiency frequency synchronization scheme for low Earth orbit satellite communications based on dynamic game theory

The rapid development of satellite internet networks has given rise to a new vision for the sixth generation of networking technology. However, the Doppler effect is relatively serious in satellite internet networks because a satellite moves quickly relative to a ground terminal. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study intelligent and dynamic synchronization methods to solve the problem of the rapidly changing Doppler frequency offset. Traditional methods do not consider the impact of spatial changes and typically focus on enhancing the estimation range or accuracy. We analyze various scenarios under phased array beam hopping and establish constraints between the terminal location, satellite ephemeris, subsatellite point track, elevation angle, and carrier frequency offset. We introduce dynamic game theory into frequency synchronization to optimize multiple Doppler estimation performance under rapidly changing channel conditions. We take the combination of carrier frequency offset estimation algorithm strategies at the current moment as the game entity. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve an estimation accuracy of 100 Hz and an estimation range of ±800 kHz. During the onboard test, the probability of achieving complete synchronization (when the synchronization success rate is 1) is 0.65, which is much higher than the 0.15 of the single method.