Tourism recovery: exploring the impact of residents' animosity on attitudes, intentions and behaviours to support tourism development

Purpose This study aims to explore the most salient contributors to residents' support for tourism. As such, the authors measure residents' fear and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and residents' animosity towards tourists as predictors of attitudinal, intentional and behavioural support for tourism in China, Malaysia, Kazakhstan and Iran. Design/methodology/approach An online survey of 1,318 respondents across four countries was conducted, with data analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings This study shows that residents' perceptions about tourism development vary in different countries based on the impact of COVID-19, even though some factors, such as perceived risk and fear of COVID-19, have a similar effect on residents' attitudes and intentions to support tourism. Research limitations/implications Only residents from four countries participated due to the collaborative effort of researchers from these specific countries. Practical implications Insight into residents' perceptions and responses to COVID-19 can aid policymakers and managers in developing effective crisis recovery strategies. Social implications The data from this study can serve as a foundation for future research to examine residents' attitudes and support towards tourism during the post-COVID-19 period. Originality/value Unlocking the unrevealing of residents' perceptions and coping mechanisms towards tourists during the pandemic, this research shines a light on their crucial role in the revival of the tourism industry. With an exclusive focus on residents' attitudes and behaviours, this study stands out amongst the few that delve into this crucial aspect of post-pandemic recovery.