Applying Artificial Intelligence to Classify the Maturity Level of Coffee Beans During Roasting

Coffee is a highly popular beverage worldwide. The quality of coffee is often judged based on its aroma and taste. Good coffee quality is influenced by various parameters during the coffee bean roasting process. Roasting is a crucial step where green coffee beans are heated at high temperatures, undergoing chemical reactions such as hydrolysis, polymerization, and pyrolysis. The color changes during the roasting process are caused by melanoidin, which results from Maillard and caramelization reactions, also impacting the flavor profile. Therefore, it is essential to accurately classify the level of coffee bean maturity. In the development of supercomputer technology, particularly with high-speed GPU microprocessors and large memory capacities, artificial intelligence algorithms have been widely implemented in various applications. Research on smart machines has been conducted to create systems resembling human intelligence. One of its applications is in recognizing the maturity level of coffee beans during roasting. In this study, image segmentation using ROI (Region Of Interest) and RGB color features are utilized to identify the characteristics of each coffee bean image. Additionally, CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) is employed for the classification stage, and this model is implemented into an Android smartphone device to detect the type of coffee bean being roasted. After the training process with 100 epochs, the model achieved a loss of 0.12 and a training accuracy of 94.79%. The model is capable of classifying images from the test data with an average accuracy of 85.83% and a loss value of 0.35.