春大麦新品种“斯特普尼亚克”

N. A. Morozov, I. V. Samsonov, N. A. Pankratova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目前研究的目的是开发一种新的春大麦品种,这种品种可以在不同的土壤和气候条件下,包括经常干旱的地区,形成持续的高生产力。作为FSBRI“北高加索FRAC”分支机构Prikumskaya实验育种站的育种工作的结果,在2009-2020年开发了一种新的春大麦品种“Stepnyak”。新的基因型是通过种内杂交获得的,然后从Nutans g-74840 (EBS ' Prikumskaya ', FSBRI“北高加索FRAC”的一个分支)和Special (ICARDA,叙利亚)的杂交群体中进行个体选择。根据成熟条件,该品种属于中成熟品种。植被期75 ~ 87 d。新品种具有较高的抗旱性和耐热性,抗倒伏和网斑病。在2020-2022年的EBS“Prikumskaya”期间,与标准品种相比,新品种“Stepnyak”的特点是更高的茎架产量为353个/平方米(+9个)。达到标准),粮食对等头数为21件。(比标准增加6片),单株总质量产量比标准增加39.1%(比标准增加4.5%)。竞争品种试验的平均产量为2.42 t/ha,高于标准品种‘斯特兰尼克’的0.32 t/ha(15.2%)。新品种对不断变化的环境条件的高度适应性使其有可能形成对标准品种“斯特兰尼克”的稳定生产力增长。2020年,在EBS ' Prikumskaya ',由于严重缺水,品种' Stepnyak '的产量超过标准品种0.30吨/公顷。在较有利的2021年和2022年,产量增幅从0.24吨/公顷到0.43吨/公顷不等。在卡尔梅克农业研究所(2021年和2022年)研究该品种时,标准品种“Strannik”的产量增加了0.25吨/公顷(12.8%)。在北高加索和下伏尔加地区进行的国家品种测试(2021年和2022年)期间,新品种“Stepnyak”的产量分别超过了标准产量0.17-0.18吨/公顷。2023年,“斯特普尼亚克”品种被列入国家育种成果清单,并被推荐在北高加索和伏尔加河下游地区种植。
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New spring barley variety ‘Stepnyak’
The purpose of the current study was to develop a new spring barley variety that can form consistently large productivity in different soil and climatic conditions, including regions with frequent droughts. As a result of breeding work at the experimental breeding station ‘Prikumskaya’, a branch of the FSBRI “North Caucasus FRAC”, there was developed a new spring barley variety ‘Stepnyak’ in 2009–2020. The new genotype was obtained as a result of intraspecific hybridization, followed by individual selection from the hybrid population of Nutans g-74840 (EBS ‘Prikumskaya’, a branch of the FSBRI “North Caucasus FRAC”) and Special (ICARDA, Syria). According to maturation terms, the variety belongs to the group of middle maturing varieties. The vegetation period lasts from 75 to 87 days. The new variety has high drought and heat resistance, resistance to lodging and damage by net blotch. During 2020–2022 at the EBS ‘Prikumskaya’, the new variety ‘Stepnyak’, in comparison with the standard, was characterized by a higher productive stem stand with 353 pcs/m2 (+9 pcs. to the standard), number of grain peer head with 21 pcs. (+6 pieces to the standard) and grain yield per total mass of a plant 39.1% (+4.5 % to the standard). The mean variety productivity in the Competitive Variety Testing was 2.42 t/ha and was higher than that of the standard variety ‘Strannik’ on 0.32 t/ ha (15.2 %). The high adaptation of the new variety to changing environmental conditions makes it possible to form a stable productivity increase to the standard variety ‘Strannik’. In 2020, at the EBS ‘Prikumskaya’, with a significant moisture deficit, the variety ‘Stepnyak’ exceeded productivity of the standard variety on 0.30 t/ha. In a more favorable 2021 and 2022 the yield increase varied from 0.24 to 0.43 t/ha. When studying the variety in the Kalmyk Research Institute of Agriculture (in 2021 and 2022), the yield increase to the standard variety ‘Strannik’ was 0.25 t/ha (12.8 %). During the years of the State Variety Testing (2021 and 2022) in the North Caucasus and Low Volga regions, the new variety ‘Stepnyak’ exceeded productivity of the standard on 0.17–0.18 t/ha, respectively. In 2023, the variety ‘Stepnyak’ was included in the State List of Breeding Achievements and recommended for cultivation in the North Caucasus and Lower Volga regions.
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