Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-85-92
S. A. Vasilchenko, G. V. Metlina, A. R. Ashiev
The current paper has presented the study results on the effect of sowing dates and seeding rates on productivity of wintering peas. Field trials were carried out during 2019–2021. The objects of research were the wintering pea variety ‘Fokus’, ‘Faeton’ and ‘Zimus’. The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of sowing dates and seeding rates on productivity of wintering peas in the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region. Sowing dates and seeding rates have influenced the elements of the yield structure and grain productivity of wintering peas. The weight of seeds per plant of the variety ‘Fokus’ ranged from 2.53 to 4.02 g; for the variety ‘Faeton’ it was 2.31–2.67 g, and 2.62–4.49 g for the variety ‘Zimus’. 1000-seed weight was in the range of 125.6–154.1 g for the variety ‘Fokus’, 130.1–157.6 g for the variety ‘Faeton’, 146.2–155.9 g for the variety ‘Zimus’. The maximum productivity of the variety ‘Fokus’ was established at a seeding rate of 1.4 million germ. seeds per ha, in the second and third terms of sowing it was 2.24 and 2.23 t/ha, respectively. In the first sowing period, the maximum productivity was established at a seeding rate of 1.8 million germ. seeds per ha. In the first sowing period the variety ‘Faeton’ demonstrated the maximum productivity (1.97 t/ha) at a seeding rate of 1.2 million germ. seeds per ha; in the second sowing period the yield was 1.93 t/haat a seeding rate of 1.4 million germ. seeds per ha; in the third sowing period the largest productivity (1.81 t/ha) was established at a seeding rate of 1.2 million germ. seeds per ha. The variety ‘Zimus’ gave the maximum productivity of 1.86 t/ha at a seeding rate of 1.4 million germ. seeds per ha in the first sowing period, 2.18 t/ha in the second sowing period, 1.96 t/ha in the third sowing period.
{"title":"The effect of sowing dates and seeding rates on productivity of wintering peas in the southern part of the Rostov region","authors":"S. A. Vasilchenko, G. V. Metlina, A. R. Ashiev","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-85-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-85-92","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper has presented the study results on the effect of sowing dates and seeding rates on productivity of wintering peas. Field trials were carried out during 2019–2021. The objects of research were the wintering pea variety ‘Fokus’, ‘Faeton’ and ‘Zimus’. The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of sowing dates and seeding rates on productivity of wintering peas in the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region. Sowing dates and seeding rates have influenced the elements of the yield structure and grain productivity of wintering peas. The weight of seeds per plant of the variety ‘Fokus’ ranged from 2.53 to 4.02 g; for the variety ‘Faeton’ it was 2.31–2.67 g, and 2.62–4.49 g for the variety ‘Zimus’. 1000-seed weight was in the range of 125.6–154.1 g for the variety ‘Fokus’, 130.1–157.6 g for the variety ‘Faeton’, 146.2–155.9 g for the variety ‘Zimus’. The maximum productivity of the variety ‘Fokus’ was established at a seeding rate of 1.4 million germ. seeds per ha, in the second and third terms of sowing it was 2.24 and 2.23 t/ha, respectively. In the first sowing period, the maximum productivity was established at a seeding rate of 1.8 million germ. seeds per ha. In the first sowing period the variety ‘Faeton’ demonstrated the maximum productivity (1.97 t/ha) at a seeding rate of 1.2 million germ. seeds per ha; in the second sowing period the yield was 1.93 t/haat a seeding rate of 1.4 million germ. seeds per ha; in the third sowing period the largest productivity (1.81 t/ha) was established at a seeding rate of 1.2 million germ. seeds per ha. The variety ‘Zimus’ gave the maximum productivity of 1.86 t/ha at a seeding rate of 1.4 million germ. seeds per ha in the first sowing period, 2.18 t/ha in the second sowing period, 1.96 t/ha in the third sowing period.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" 39","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135187716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-63-69
I. I. Rassokhina, A. V. Platonov
The purpose of the work was to study the effect of the experimental microbiological product ‘Naturost-Aktiv’, developed on the basis of live bacteria Lactobacillus buchneri, on barley growth and productivity in the Vologda region. The study was carried out during the vegetation periods of 2019, 2020 and 2022 on the experimental field of the FSBIS «Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences», as well as in production conditions on the fields of the APC Collective farm «Peredovoy» (Vologda Region). The product ‘Naturost-Aktiv’ was applied twice, when the seeds of the experimental group were soaked in the working solution (1 ml of the product per 1 liter of water) and the phyllosphere of the plants was sprayed in the tillering phase. Tap water was used as control. As a result, there has been identified an increase in the potential energy supply of barley. The area of an individual leaf of experimental plants exceeded the control by 16 %, and the content of the total chlorophylls (a+b) exceeded by 34–42 %, which contributed to a more active accumulation of dry mass of experimental plants in comparison with the control (duringthe action of the product there was an increase in the dry weight of the plant by 12–65 % relative to the control). The changes in the plant growth processes also affected the grain productivity, which increased by 8–26 % in the variants with the product compared to the control. The results of the production experiment, in general, turned out to be like the results of small-plot experiments. Thus, in the conditions of real management, grain productivity of the barley variety ‘Sonet’ increased by 14 % with the use of the product ‘Naturost-Aktiv’ relative to the control. Grain productivity improvement was associated both with an increase in the number of productive shoots and with an increase in the weight of an individual grain.
{"title":"The effect of a microbiological product based on <i>Lactobacillus buchneri</i> on barley growth and productivity in the Vologda region","authors":"I. I. Rassokhina, A. V. Platonov","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-63-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-63-69","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to study the effect of the experimental microbiological product ‘Naturost-Aktiv’, developed on the basis of live bacteria Lactobacillus buchneri, on barley growth and productivity in the Vologda region. The study was carried out during the vegetation periods of 2019, 2020 and 2022 on the experimental field of the FSBIS «Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences», as well as in production conditions on the fields of the APC Collective farm «Peredovoy» (Vologda Region). The product ‘Naturost-Aktiv’ was applied twice, when the seeds of the experimental group were soaked in the working solution (1 ml of the product per 1 liter of water) and the phyllosphere of the plants was sprayed in the tillering phase. Tap water was used as control. As a result, there has been identified an increase in the potential energy supply of barley. The area of an individual leaf of experimental plants exceeded the control by 16 %, and the content of the total chlorophylls (a+b) exceeded by 34–42 %, which contributed to a more active accumulation of dry mass of experimental plants in comparison with the control (duringthe action of the product there was an increase in the dry weight of the plant by 12–65 % relative to the control). The changes in the plant growth processes also affected the grain productivity, which increased by 8–26 % in the variants with the product compared to the control. The results of the production experiment, in general, turned out to be like the results of small-plot experiments. Thus, in the conditions of real management, grain productivity of the barley variety ‘Sonet’ increased by 14 % with the use of the product ‘Naturost-Aktiv’ relative to the control. Grain productivity improvement was associated both with an increase in the number of productive shoots and with an increase in the weight of an individual grain.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135187925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-112-118
T. G. Derova, N. V. Shishkin, N. E. Samofalova
The current paper has presented the study results of the resistance of winter durum wheat varieties to the causative agent of smut under infectious background conditions. The purpose of the study was to identify new sources of smut resistance of winter durum wheat under conditions of artificial inoculation and their use in breeding programs. In the period from 2010–2022 there were studied annually more than 100 varieties and samples. According to the results of 2010, practically resistant varieties of Competitive (CVT) and Interstation Variety Testing (IVT) amounted to 1.4 and 6.7 % of those studied. The bulk has been represented by moderately susceptible and susceptible varieties. By 2015, among the selection samples, practically resistant and slightly susceptible ones amounted to 12.5 and 15.0 %. In 2022, the number of practically resistant ones increased to 26.9%, and weakly susceptible ones raised to 27.9 %. There have been identified the sources of resistance to the Rostov population of the smut pathogen. After introducing into the breeding process such sources of resistance as ‘Delta Odesskaya’, ‘Perlina Odesskaya’, ‘Dnepryana’, ‘Kermen’, etc., there have been developed the varieties ‘Agat Donskoy’, ‘Lazurit’, ‘Kremona’, ‘Oniks’ with practical resistance to the pathogen at the ARC “Donskoy”. Subsequently, when updating the initial material, there have been studied the new varieties of MSI and there have been identified such smut-resistant varieties as ‘Poseidon’, ‘Pributkova’, ‘Andromeda’, ‘Zhivitsa’, ‘Prikumskaya 142’, ‘Kharkovskaya 32’, etc. Using several of them in hybridization, because of many years of selection, there have been developed new winter durum wheat varieties with practical resistance, weak and medium susceptibility to smut, such as ‘Yubilyarka’, ‘Zoloto Dona’, ‘Lakomka’, ‘Dinas’, ‘Solntsedar’, ‘Karotinka’, ‘Grafit’, etc. Among the CVT samples there have been also identified such lines with smut resistance as ‘1273/19’, ‘335/20’, ‘893/20’, ‘1383/20’, etc. The identified sources and the developed pathogen-resistant varieties are recommended for use in breeding programs for winter durum wheat.
{"title":"Study of the initial material and its use in winter durum wheat breeding for resistance to the Rostov population of the smut pathogen","authors":"T. G. Derova, N. V. Shishkin, N. E. Samofalova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-112-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-112-118","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper has presented the study results of the resistance of winter durum wheat varieties to the causative agent of smut under infectious background conditions. The purpose of the study was to identify new sources of smut resistance of winter durum wheat under conditions of artificial inoculation and their use in breeding programs. In the period from 2010–2022 there were studied annually more than 100 varieties and samples. According to the results of 2010, practically resistant varieties of Competitive (CVT) and Interstation Variety Testing (IVT) amounted to 1.4 and 6.7 % of those studied. The bulk has been represented by moderately susceptible and susceptible varieties. By 2015, among the selection samples, practically resistant and slightly susceptible ones amounted to 12.5 and 15.0 %. In 2022, the number of practically resistant ones increased to 26.9%, and weakly susceptible ones raised to 27.9 %. There have been identified the sources of resistance to the Rostov population of the smut pathogen. After introducing into the breeding process such sources of resistance as ‘Delta Odesskaya’, ‘Perlina Odesskaya’, ‘Dnepryana’, ‘Kermen’, etc., there have been developed the varieties ‘Agat Donskoy’, ‘Lazurit’, ‘Kremona’, ‘Oniks’ with practical resistance to the pathogen at the ARC “Donskoy”. Subsequently, when updating the initial material, there have been studied the new varieties of MSI and there have been identified such smut-resistant varieties as ‘Poseidon’, ‘Pributkova’, ‘Andromeda’, ‘Zhivitsa’, ‘Prikumskaya 142’, ‘Kharkovskaya 32’, etc. Using several of them in hybridization, because of many years of selection, there have been developed new winter durum wheat varieties with practical resistance, weak and medium susceptibility to smut, such as ‘Yubilyarka’, ‘Zoloto Dona’, ‘Lakomka’, ‘Dinas’, ‘Solntsedar’, ‘Karotinka’, ‘Grafit’, etc. Among the CVT samples there have been also identified such lines with smut resistance as ‘1273/19’, ‘335/20’, ‘893/20’, ‘1383/20’, etc. The identified sources and the developed pathogen-resistant varieties are recommended for use in breeding programs for winter durum wheat.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" 46","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135187709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-93-99
T. R. Valiev, S. A. Kurbanov, D. S. Magomedova
In the conditions of the Terek-Sulak lowland of the Republic of Dagestan, we studied the effect of biological products on productivity and grain quality of winter bread wheat varieties developed by the National Grain Center namedafter P.P. Lukyanenko and the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center in 2019–2022. An analytical review of the references indicates that the use of new varieties and biostimulants are important factors in improving productivity of grain crops, which ensure the profitability of their use at low costs. The trials were carried out on 5 winter bread wheat varieties with different application schemes of the organomineral complex ‘Biostim zernovoy’ in accordance with the B. A. Dospekhov’s field trial methodology. Weather conditions during the years of the trial were generally favorable. The spring-summer development of plants took place with slight differences in heat supply, with HTC fluctuations from 0.37 to 0.58. The purpose of the current study is to identify the adaptive potential of winter bread wheat plants and to establish the most optimal scheme for the use of biological products to increase the potential productivity of varieties. As a result of three years of study, there has been found that the productivity of crops depends not only on the variety, but also on the methods of using the biostimulant and their combinations. The maximum productivity has been provided by the variety ‘Karolina 5’ (6.44 t/ha), which was 0.87 t/ha larger than the control. The combination of pre-sowing seed soaking with potassium humate ‘Sufler’ and treatment of wheat crops with the biostimulant ‘Biostim zernovoy’ provided productivity increase on average for all varieties of 0.63 t/ha, and the largest for the variety ‘Karolina with 0.71 t/ha. Calculations of environmental adaptability parameters showed that the varieties ‘Karolina 5’ and ‘Alekseich’ are the most adapted ones to specific soil and climatic conditions and the level of technology used and, in this regard, can be used for zonation of winter wheat in the irrigated zone of the Republic.
{"title":"Productivity and grain quality of winter bread wheat varieties in the irrigated zone of the Republic of Dagestan when using biological products","authors":"T. R. Valiev, S. A. Kurbanov, D. S. Magomedova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-93-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-93-99","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of the Terek-Sulak lowland of the Republic of Dagestan, we studied the effect of biological products on productivity and grain quality of winter bread wheat varieties developed by the National Grain Center namedafter P.P. Lukyanenko and the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center in 2019–2022. An analytical review of the references indicates that the use of new varieties and biostimulants are important factors in improving productivity of grain crops, which ensure the profitability of their use at low costs. The trials were carried out on 5 winter bread wheat varieties with different application schemes of the organomineral complex ‘Biostim zernovoy’ in accordance with the B. A. Dospekhov’s field trial methodology. Weather conditions during the years of the trial were generally favorable. The spring-summer development of plants took place with slight differences in heat supply, with HTC fluctuations from 0.37 to 0.58. The purpose of the current study is to identify the adaptive potential of winter bread wheat plants and to establish the most optimal scheme for the use of biological products to increase the potential productivity of varieties. As a result of three years of study, there has been found that the productivity of crops depends not only on the variety, but also on the methods of using the biostimulant and their combinations. The maximum productivity has been provided by the variety ‘Karolina 5’ (6.44 t/ha), which was 0.87 t/ha larger than the control. The combination of pre-sowing seed soaking with potassium humate ‘Sufler’ and treatment of wheat crops with the biostimulant ‘Biostim zernovoy’ provided productivity increase on average for all varieties of 0.63 t/ha, and the largest for the variety ‘Karolina with 0.71 t/ha. Calculations of environmental adaptability parameters showed that the varieties ‘Karolina 5’ and ‘Alekseich’ are the most adapted ones to specific soil and climatic conditions and the level of technology used and, in this regard, can be used for zonation of winter wheat in the irrigated zone of the Republic.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" 44","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135187711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-78-84
S. A. Bakhvalova, G. B. Demiyanova-Roy, A. V. Fedorova
The study was carried out in the Kostroma region on soddy-podzolic soils with an average degree of cultivation in 2019–2022, with three repetitions of a field trial. The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of different doses of nitrogen top dressings applied at critical phases of plant development on productivity and grain quality of winter wheat at seeding rates of 2, 4, and 6 million germinating kernels per hectare. There have been studied 5 winter wheat varieties of domestic breeding, such as ‘Moskovskaya 39’ (a standard variety), ‘Moskovskaya 40’, ‘Moskovskaya 56’, ‘Nemchinovskaya 57’ and ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’. The used agrotechnology corresponds to the zonal one in the Kostroma region. As a result of the study there has been identified a productivity variation from 2.9 to 3.7 t/ha depending on a variety. The largest productivity was formed by the variety ‘Moskovskaya 56’ with the use of a triple dose of nitrogen at a seeding rate of 6 million germinating kernels per hectare, which significantly exceeded the control variant on 0.5 t/ha. There has been estimated an influence of doses of nitrogen top dressings on technological parameters and flour properties of winter wheat grain. There has been found that the high content of crude protein (17.44–19.41 %), gluten (28.16–35.80 %) and hardiness (65.9–74.6 %) was demonstrated by the variety ‘Moskovskaya 40’. There has been also established a large hardiness of the variety ‘Nemchinovskaya 57’ (62.5–75.0 %). The largest 1000-grain weight (42.0–45.2 g) has been found in the variety ‘Moskovskaya 56’. Through three years of the study, there has been proved a stable response of the studied varieties to the improvement of productivity and n qualitative indicators as a result of the use of doses of nitrogen top dressings for winter wheat crops.
{"title":"Productivity and grain quality of winter wheat varieties depending on the fractional nitrogen top dressings and seeding rates","authors":"S. A. Bakhvalova, G. B. Demiyanova-Roy, A. V. Fedorova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-78-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-78-84","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out in the Kostroma region on soddy-podzolic soils with an average degree of cultivation in 2019–2022, with three repetitions of a field trial. The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of different doses of nitrogen top dressings applied at critical phases of plant development on productivity and grain quality of winter wheat at seeding rates of 2, 4, and 6 million germinating kernels per hectare. There have been studied 5 winter wheat varieties of domestic breeding, such as ‘Moskovskaya 39’ (a standard variety), ‘Moskovskaya 40’, ‘Moskovskaya 56’, ‘Nemchinovskaya 57’ and ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’. The used agrotechnology corresponds to the zonal one in the Kostroma region. As a result of the study there has been identified a productivity variation from 2.9 to 3.7 t/ha depending on a variety. The largest productivity was formed by the variety ‘Moskovskaya 56’ with the use of a triple dose of nitrogen at a seeding rate of 6 million germinating kernels per hectare, which significantly exceeded the control variant on 0.5 t/ha. There has been estimated an influence of doses of nitrogen top dressings on technological parameters and flour properties of winter wheat grain. There has been found that the high content of crude protein (17.44–19.41 %), gluten (28.16–35.80 %) and hardiness (65.9–74.6 %) was demonstrated by the variety ‘Moskovskaya 40’. There has been also established a large hardiness of the variety ‘Nemchinovskaya 57’ (62.5–75.0 %). The largest 1000-grain weight (42.0–45.2 g) has been found in the variety ‘Moskovskaya 56’. Through three years of the study, there has been proved a stable response of the studied varieties to the improvement of productivity and n qualitative indicators as a result of the use of doses of nitrogen top dressings for winter wheat crops.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" 48","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135187707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-105-111
A. M. Shpanev, A. V. Kapustkina
In 2022, a mass propagation of the berry bug occurred in the North-West of Russia, which had no analogues over the past decade. This made it possible to study in detail some issues of its biology and harmfulness on grain crops. The purpose of the current study was to determine food specialization, long-term population dynamics, seasonal development, and harmfulness of the berry bug in grain crops in the North-West of the Russian Federation. For this purpose, there was carried out regular mowing with an entomological net, timed to coincide with the phonological development of cultivated plants, the total number of which was 2544, of which 1380 were on grain crops. The estimation of the harmfulness of the berry bug was carried out on winter triticale by simply comparing the mass of damaged and undamaged caryopses. According to the study results, there has been revealed that grain crops were populated to a greater extent than agrocenoses of other crops. Among grain crops, winter triticale turned out to be the most populated crop, and winter rye was the least populated. The maximum number of berry bug occurred during the period of maturation of grain crops, when larvae of different ages feeding on caryopses were predominantly found in the crops. The study of topical confinement showed that the largest number of bugs’ pricks were located in the middle part of the caryopsis and mainly on the sides (75.0 %). Analysis of the harvested crop of winter triticale revealed that damage to the grain caused by berry bug was 6.4 %, 5.0 % of which 1–2 points, 1.4 % of which 3 points. Depending on the damage scale, the decrease in 1 caryopses weight was from 6.6 to 18.2 mg (13.2–36.5 %), the yield was 0.061 ton/ha (1.2 %). Thus, despite the high density of winter triticale crops with berry bug in the conditions of 2022, the proportion of damaged caryopses and their damage degree, as well as the total yield loss, turned out to be low, which means that the use of insecticides was inappropriate.
{"title":"Features of development and harmfulness of the berry bug in grain crops in the north-west of Russia","authors":"A. M. Shpanev, A. V. Kapustkina","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-105-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-105-111","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022, a mass propagation of the berry bug occurred in the North-West of Russia, which had no analogues over the past decade. This made it possible to study in detail some issues of its biology and harmfulness on grain crops. The purpose of the current study was to determine food specialization, long-term population dynamics, seasonal development, and harmfulness of the berry bug in grain crops in the North-West of the Russian Federation. For this purpose, there was carried out regular mowing with an entomological net, timed to coincide with the phonological development of cultivated plants, the total number of which was 2544, of which 1380 were on grain crops. The estimation of the harmfulness of the berry bug was carried out on winter triticale by simply comparing the mass of damaged and undamaged caryopses. According to the study results, there has been revealed that grain crops were populated to a greater extent than agrocenoses of other crops. Among grain crops, winter triticale turned out to be the most populated crop, and winter rye was the least populated. The maximum number of berry bug occurred during the period of maturation of grain crops, when larvae of different ages feeding on caryopses were predominantly found in the crops. The study of topical confinement showed that the largest number of bugs’ pricks were located in the middle part of the caryopsis and mainly on the sides (75.0 %). Analysis of the harvested crop of winter triticale revealed that damage to the grain caused by berry bug was 6.4 %, 5.0 % of which 1–2 points, 1.4 % of which 3 points. Depending on the damage scale, the decrease in 1 caryopses weight was from 6.6 to 18.2 mg (13.2–36.5 %), the yield was 0.061 ton/ha (1.2 %). Thus, despite the high density of winter triticale crops with berry bug in the conditions of 2022, the proportion of damaged caryopses and their damage degree, as well as the total yield loss, turned out to be low, which means that the use of insecticides was inappropriate.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" 47","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135187708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-100-104
G. A. Zakladnoy
In order to reduce the loss of stored grain, it is important to detect insects in it at the early stages of infection, for which it is important to know their preferred habitats. The purpose of the current study was to gain knowledge about the distribution of insects in the top layer of grain, from which samples are taken at enterprises to estimate pest infestation. In the samples taken in five repetitions from a barley bulk-grain stored in a granary, there were identified and counted pest species and their number. The temperature was determined at the sampling sites. The air temperature above the bulk-grain was from minus 2 °С to 0 °С. In layers with a depth of 0–28 cm, 28–56 cm, and 56–84 cm at a mean temperature of 9, 14 and 18°C, respectively, the confidence limits at p = 0.05 were within 5–13, 8–20 and 12–24 °C, respectively. The confidence limits of all three means have overlapped, proving that the difference in mean temperatures is not statistically significant. There have been found three species of insects in grain samples. Beetles Sitophilus oryzae clustered in greater numbers in grain layers where the temperature was higher. Rhizopertha dominica was found only in the warmest bottom layer of the grain. Liposcelis bostrychophila was concentrated in the greatest amount in the second deepest grain layer. There has been found an increase in the crowding of adults of all three species in grain layers with a higher temperature.
为了减少储粮的损失，重要的是在感染的早期阶段发现其中的昆虫，为此了解它们的首选栖息地非常重要。本研究的目的是了解粮食顶层昆虫的分布情况，并在企业采集样本以估计虫害情况。在对某大麦粒进行5次重复取样的过程中，对害虫种类和数量进行了鉴定和统计。在采样点测定温度。大颗粒上方的空气温度为- 2°С ~ 0°С。在0-28 cm、28-56 cm和56-84 cm的土层中，平均温度分别为9、14和18°C, p = 0.05的置信限分别在5-13、8-20和12-24°C以内。三个平均值的置信限重叠，证明平均温度的差异在统计上不显著。在粮食样品中发现了三种昆虫。稻谷象甲虫在温度较高的谷粒层中聚集数量较多。根腐菌仅存在于籽粒最温暖的底层。在第二深的籽粒层中，嗜脂细胞的数量最多。研究发现，在温度较高的谷粒层中，这三种成虫的拥挤程度有所增加。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-70-77
M. V. Rublyuk, D. A. Ivanov
The current study was carried out in 2010–2022 to determine the effect of weather and landscape conditions on productivity of spring wheat (Triticumaestivum) in a stationary field trial located on a drained soddy-podzolic soil within a terminal moraine hill in the Tver region (ARRIMS). The object was drained by closed pottery drainage. The distance between drains in different agricultural landscapes was 40, 30 and 20 m. In the trial there was a grain-grass crop rotation (oats+grasses – grasses of 1–2 years – winter rye – spring wheat). The crop cultivation was carried out according to extensive technology. The years of different humidity were factor A; factor B was the type of agromicrolandscape, factor C was the type of soil. There has been studied the moisture supply and temperature regime of the soil, spring wheat productivity in various agricultural landscapes. There has been established that the maximum productivity of the spring wheat variety ‘Zlata’ (2.17 t/ha) was obtained in the optimal years for the growth and plant development. In dry years, the value of this indicator decreased by 49–70 % and 51–73 % compared with excessively wet and optimal years, respectively. The variability of wheat productivity raised in dry years to 26 % and decreased to 14.5 % in optimal and excessively wet years. During the period of 2010–2022 the maximum wheat productivity (2.25 t/ha) was obtained in the transit-accumulation variant of the northern slope, its increase was 0.4 t/ha compared to the average for the trial. In years of different moisture availability, there was studied a correlation between spring wheat productivity and various soil parameters. There was obtained a direct correlation dependence of productivity in dry years with the amount of productive moisture (r = 0.70) and with the biological activity of the soil (r = 0.49); an inverse correlation was obtained in excessively wet years with aeration porosity (r = –0.66) and biological activity of the soil (r = –0.55).
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Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-39-47
A. A. Dontsova, D. P. Dontsov, E. G. Filippov
The current paper is devoted to the study of promising barley lines with an alternative type of development (facultative). Famous breeders P. F. Garkavy and V. M. Shevtsov believed that the future belonged to the facultative barley varieties, since they had high adaptive properties. Facultative varieties have several advantages, such as they can be used for early spring reseeding of sparse autumn crops of winter barley with seeds of the same variety and dead crops of winter cereals, as well as for obtaining high-quality seeds from spring sowing for autumn sowing. In connection with the above, the cultivation of facultative varieties for production is of great relevance and necessity. The purpose of the current study was to estimate new breeding material for facultative barley varieties in the conditions of the south of the Rostov region. The study was carried out in 2021–2023 in the fields of scientific crop rotation of the department of barley breeding and seed production of the ARC «Donskoy». In the first competitive variety testing there have been studied 12 promising facultative barley lines and the two currently best facultative barley varieties ‘Step’ and ‘Marusya’. There has been carried out comprehensive estimation of the studied samples based on such traits as the length of a vegetation period, resistance to lodging and damage by leaf diseases, 1000-grain weight, number of grains per an ear, number of productive stems per square meter, productivity. According to lodging resistance on average over three years, there were identified the varieties ‘Marusya’ and ‘Step’, as well as the lines Parallelum 2019, 2139, 2110, 2128, 2152, 2153 and Pallidum 2100; according to grain size the best varieties and lines were ‘Step’, ‘Marusya’, Parallelum 2141, 2110, 2128, 2149, 2152 and Pallidum 2100. The variety ‘Marusya’ and the lines Parallelum 2139, 2128, 2136, 2110, 2149, 2152, 2153 have shown the greatest productivity increase of 1 t/ha to the standard. Based on the data obtained, all studied varieties received a score based on a complex of economically valuable traits. The variety ‘Parallelum 2128’, which received the maximum number of points, was selected, and prepared for sending to the State Variety Commission of the Russian Federation for study.
本文致力于研究具有替代发育类型(兼性)的有前途的大麦品系。著名的育种家P. F. Garkavy和V. M. Shevtsov认为未来属于兼性大麦品种，因为它们具有高度的适应性。兼性品种具有早春补播冬大麦疏秋作物同品种种子和冬粮枯死作物的优点，也可从春播中获得优质种子用于秋播。因此，栽培兼性品种用于生产是非常必要的。目前研究的目的是估计在罗斯托夫地区南部条件下的兼性大麦品种的新育种材料。该研究于2021-2023年在顿斯科伊地区大麦育种和种子生产部的科学轮作领域进行。在第一次竞争性品种试验中，研究了12个有前途的兼性大麦品系和两个目前最好的兼性大麦品种“Step”和“Marusya”。对研究样品的生长期、抗倒伏和抗叶病危害、千粒重、穗粒数、每平方米有效茎数、生产力等性状进行了综合评价。根据3年平均抗倒伏能力，鉴定出“Marusya”和“Step”品种，以及Parallelum 2019、2139、2110、2128、2152、2153和Pallidum 2100;从籽粒大小看，最佳品种和品系为‘步步’、‘玛鲁西亚’、平行木2141、2110、2128、2149、2152和苍桦2100。品种“Marusya”和平行2139、2128、2136、2110、2149、2152、2153的产量提高最大，达到标准1吨/公顷。根据获得的数据，所有被研究的品种都得到了一个基于经济价值性状的综合评分。获得最高分的品种“平行2128”被选中，并准备送到俄罗斯联邦国家品种委员会进行研究。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.31367/2079-8725-2023-88-5-48-55
P. I. Kostylev, N. N. Vozhzhova, A. V. Aksenov
Drought is the main stress factor when growing plants. The effects of drought on rice plants range from reduced dry matter accumulation to poor distribution of metabolites from stems and leaves into grain, resulting in reduced number of full grains per panicle, reduced grain weight and ultimately yield. Rice varietal diversity includes different drought tolerance genes. The purpose of the current research was to estimate upland rice samples and varieties for drought resistance under field conditions and the presence of the qDTY1.1 gene using the DNA marker RM431. PCR analysis was used to estimate 66 rice lines, hybrids and varieties grown in periodically wetted and constantly flooded fields. As a result of marker analysis, there has been identified the presence of the drought resistance gene qDTY1.1 in twenty-two rice varieties and samples such as ‘An-Yun-Ho’, ‘Volgogradsky’, ‘Stalingradsky’, ‘Volgogradsky x Atlant’, ‘Chan-Chun-Man’, etc. The highest value of the drought resistance index (DRI) was found in carriers of the qDTY1.1 allele, they are Manchurian upland varieties ‘An-Yun-Ho’ (79.4 %), ‘Chan-Chun-Man’ (88.5 %) and other samples developed earlier from crossing the variety ‘Chan-Chun-Man’ with productive varieties of Don selection ‘Razdolny’, ‘Boyarin’, ‘Komandor’, ‘Yuzhanin’, ‘Kuboyar’. The identified samples carrying the qDTY1.1 gene exceeded the other forms on average in terms of productivity under drought conditions by 0.20 t/ha, under the control by 0.21 t/ha, and under IZU by 3.9 %. In the long term of improving rice drought tolerance, it is necessary to identify and exploit other QTLs with large and consistent effects and key regulators of plant stress responses.
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