阿尔泰山河流大型无脊椎动物的形成因素及其在海拔梯度内的分布特征

L.V. Yanygina, О.С. Burmistrova, D.D. Volgina, A.V. Kotovschikov, V.L. Paradossky, P.A. Shipunov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着海拔的升高,山地河道的非生物和生物条件都发生了变化。为探讨大型无脊椎动物的空间分布特征及其驱动因素,对阿尔泰地区21条山地小河流中大型无脊椎动物(蜉蝣、石蝇、石蝇)的物种丰富度、丰度和生物量进行了分析。根据地理位置,所有河流可分为4组:低山带(海拔1000米)、中山低(海拔1000米)和高山带(海拔2000米)。在研究的河流中共记录了71个EPT大型无脊椎动物类群。大型无脊椎动物的物种丰富度(按每个样本的平均物种数量计算)、丰度和生物量随海拔的升高而降低。群落结构指标的最大变异是由于垂直带位置和浮游植物发育水平(由叶绿素a含量估算)的综合影响。同时,分析中包含的分类预测因子(非生物和生物)比丰度和生物量更能解释多样性相关指标的变异。在制定山区河道环境监测方案时,应考虑到高山地区大型无脊椎动物类群物种丰富度(随海拔)减少的趋势,这些物种丰富度是造成高山地区分类学贫乏和高度脆弱群落形成的主要原因。
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Macroinvertebrates of Altai mountain rivers: factors of their formation and features of distribution within altitudinal gradient
With an increase in altitude, both abiotic and biotic conditions in mountain watercourses change. To assess the features of spatial distribution of macroinvertebrates as well as to identify the driving factors of this dynamics, the data on species richness, abundance and biomass of EPT taxa (mayfly, stonefly, caddisfly) from 21 small mountain rivers of Altai were analyzed. By location, all rivers were divided into 4 groups: the ones running in the low-mountain (<1000 m asl) zone, in the low (1000–1500) and upper (1500–2000) parts of the middle mountains and in the high-mountain (>2000 m asl) zone. A total of 71 EPT macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded in the studied streams. Species richness (according to the average species number per sample) as well as abundance and biomass of macroinvertebrates decreased with an increase in altitude. The maximum variance in structural indicators of communities appeared due to the combined influence of the location of the altitudinal zone and phytoplankton development level (estimated by the content of chlorophyll a). At the same time, categorical predictors (both abiotic and biotic) included in the analysis better explained the variability of diversity-related indicators than that of abundance and biomass. When developing the environmental monitoring programs for mountain watercourses, the identified trends in reduction (with altitude) of species richness of macroinvertebrate taxa responsible for the formation of taxonomically poor and strongly vulnerable communities in high-altitude areas should be taken into account.
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