Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.490
S.V. Shibaev
The initial prerequisites for the application of the parameters of the Bertalanffy growth equation for estimating the maximum age of fish life (tλ) and the natural mortality rate (M) are analyzed. This approach has been proposed by D. Pauli and was widely used. Pauli found a regression dependence of the natural mortality rate on the parameters of the Bertalanffy growth equation (L∝, K) and environmental temperature (T) for various populations on a large amount of factual material. However, the presence of a causal relationship between the growth rate and the natural mortality of fish has not been proven, therefore, it seems doubtful whether it is possible to solve the inverse task – determining mortality rate by growth parameters. A numerical example shows that in reality the values of the parameters of the growth equation can vary over a very wide range depending on the original data and do not correspond to their biological interpretation. Therefore, the growth cannot be used to estimate mortality. Since mortality is the rate at which fish decrease in number, this rate should be used for estimation of mortality.
{"title":"On the question of adequacy of estimation of the natural mortality of fishes by means of von Bertalanffy growth equation","authors":"S.V. Shibaev","doi":"10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.490","url":null,"abstract":"The initial prerequisites for the application of the parameters of the Bertalanffy growth equation for estimating the maximum age of fish life (tλ) and the natural mortality rate (M) are analyzed. This approach has been proposed by D. Pauli and was widely used. Pauli found a regression dependence of the natural mortality rate on the parameters of the Bertalanffy growth equation (L∝, K) and environmental temperature (T) for various populations on a large amount of factual material. However, the presence of a causal relationship between the growth rate and the natural mortality of fish has not been proven, therefore, it seems doubtful whether it is possible to solve the inverse task – determining mortality rate by growth parameters. A numerical example shows that in reality the values of the parameters of the growth equation can vary over a very wide range depending on the original data and do not correspond to their biological interpretation. Therefore, the growth cannot be used to estimate mortality. Since mortality is the rate at which fish decrease in number, this rate should be used for estimation of mortality.","PeriodicalId":486879,"journal":{"name":"Trudy Zoologičeskogo instituta","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The changes in the main nutrients – phosphorus and nitrogen, as well as the quantitative and structural characteristics of the phytoplankton of the Volgograd Reservoir in 2001–2021 are shown. Under the conditions of global climatic transformation, we recorded changes in the thermal regime, intra-annual redistribution of water runoff, decrease in precipitation, negative trends in dissolved ammonium and nitrates. In the genesis of phosphates, the role of internal water processes decreased and the influence of hydrological factors increased. Negative trends in the total biomass of phytoplankton, as well as diatoms and green algae, have been found. At the same time biomass of Cyanobacteria increased. The ratio of taxonomic groups of phytoplankton has changed: the proportion of diatoms has decreased with an increase in cyanobacteria, cryptophytes and dinophytes. These negative trends in pelagial can be considered as the processes of regressive succession inside the biggest cyclic processes, and could be caused by changing climatic conditions. At the same time, the increase in the biological activity of benthal communities (higher aquatic vegetation) indicates the ongoing eutrophication of the reservoir according to the macrophyte type.
{"title":"Eutrophication of the Volgograd Reservoir: impact of climate transformation or successional processes?","authors":"E.A. Shashulovskaya, S.A. Mosiyash, I.N. Dalechina","doi":"10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.390","url":null,"abstract":"The changes in the main nutrients – phosphorus and nitrogen, as well as the quantitative and structural characteristics of the phytoplankton of the Volgograd Reservoir in 2001–2021 are shown. Under the conditions of global climatic transformation, we recorded changes in the thermal regime, intra-annual redistribution of water runoff, decrease in precipitation, negative trends in dissolved ammonium and nitrates. In the genesis of phosphates, the role of internal water processes decreased and the influence of hydrological factors increased. Negative trends in the total biomass of phytoplankton, as well as diatoms and green algae, have been found. At the same time biomass of Cyanobacteria increased. The ratio of taxonomic groups of phytoplankton has changed: the proportion of diatoms has decreased with an increase in cyanobacteria, cryptophytes and dinophytes. These negative trends in pelagial can be considered as the processes of regressive succession inside the biggest cyclic processes, and could be caused by changing climatic conditions. At the same time, the increase in the biological activity of benthal communities (higher aquatic vegetation) indicates the ongoing eutrophication of the reservoir according to the macrophyte type.","PeriodicalId":486879,"journal":{"name":"Trudy Zoologičeskogo instituta","volume":"230 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.381
A.L. Rizhinashvili
{"title":"Scientific heritage of Professor Vladimir I. Zhadin and modern problems of the theory of hydrobiology","authors":"A.L. Rizhinashvili","doi":"10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":486879,"journal":{"name":"Trudy Zoologičeskogo instituta","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.591
Y.I. Zabotin
Prolecithophorans (Plathelminthes, Prolecithophora) stand out among the free-living flatworms (“turbellarians”) for a number of unique features of spermatozoa. The ultrastructure of male germ cells of two species of prolecithophorans from the Plagiostomidae family – Plagiostomum vittatum (Frey et Leuckart, 1847) from the White Sea and Vorticeros ijima Tozawa, 1918 from Inner Japanese Sea – was described. Spermatozoa of both species are characterized by an elongated fusiform shape, a spiral shape of the nucleus with an electron-dense fibrillar chromatin, the presence of numerous mitochondria that tend to merge, the cortical position of microtubules, and the absence of flagella. “Folded membrane derivatives”, specific for prolecithophorans, are present in mature spermatozoa of both species, but their morphology differs. They were not found in spermatids of Pl. vittatum. The nucleus of spermatozoon of Pl. vittatum is distinguished by the presence of numerous thin outgrowths. It has been suggested that the ultrastructural features of prolecithophoran spermatozoa (number and location of mitochondria, morphology and origin of “folded membrane derivatives”) can be applied in the phylogenetics of this group.
Prolecithophorans (platelminthes, Prolecithophora)在自由生活的扁虫(“涡虫”)中因其精子的许多独特特征而脱颖而出。本文报道了白海和日本内海的两种卵泡蝗雄性生殖细胞的超微结构:vittatum (Frey et Leuckart, 1847)和Vorticeros ijima Tozawa。两种精子的特征都是细长的梭状，细胞核呈螺旋状，带有电子密集的纤维状染色质，存在大量易于合并的线粒体，微管位于皮质，没有鞭毛。两种动物的成熟精子中都有“折叠膜衍生物”，这是泌乳动物特有的，但它们的形态不同。在牡莲的精子中未发现它们。Pl. vittatum精子核的特点是存在许多细的外生物。有人认为，卵磷脂精子的超微结构特征(线粒体的数量和位置、“折叠膜衍生物”的形态和起源)可以应用于这一群体的系统发育。
{"title":"Ultrastructure of spermatozoa in two species of prolecithophorans (Plathelminthes, Prolecithophora)","authors":"Y.I. Zabotin","doi":"10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.591","url":null,"abstract":"Prolecithophorans (Plathelminthes, Prolecithophora) stand out among the free-living flatworms (“turbellarians”) for a number of unique features of spermatozoa. The ultrastructure of male germ cells of two species of prolecithophorans from the Plagiostomidae family – Plagiostomum vittatum (Frey et Leuckart, 1847) from the White Sea and Vorticeros ijima Tozawa, 1918 from Inner Japanese Sea – was described. Spermatozoa of both species are characterized by an elongated fusiform shape, a spiral shape of the nucleus with an electron-dense fibrillar chromatin, the presence of numerous mitochondria that tend to merge, the cortical position of microtubules, and the absence of flagella. “Folded membrane derivatives”, specific for prolecithophorans, are present in mature spermatozoa of both species, but their morphology differs. They were not found in spermatids of Pl. vittatum. The nucleus of spermatozoon of Pl. vittatum is distinguished by the presence of numerous thin outgrowths. It has been suggested that the ultrastructural features of prolecithophoran spermatozoa (number and location of mitochondria, morphology and origin of “folded membrane derivatives”) can be applied in the phylogenetics of this group.","PeriodicalId":486879,"journal":{"name":"Trudy Zoologičeskogo instituta","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.496
E.A. Zvonok, I.G. Danilov
The article provides an overview of all known 39 localities of the Paleogene turtles of Eastern Europe. Numerous remains of turtles are described for the first time from 19 localities, of which six are new, and 13 are the localities from which materials were only mentioned previously. Among them are Pan-Trionychidae indet., Pan-Cheloniidae indet., Dermochelyidae indet. and Pan-Testudines indet., as well as pan-cheloniids Argillochelys sp. from the Ypresian Novoivanovka and the Ypresian or Lutetian Gruzinov localities. Several indeterminate specimens from Eocene localities show similarity to pan-cheloniids Argillochelys cuneiceps (Owen, 1849) and Puppigerus camperi (Gray, 1831) or Tasbacka aldabergeni Nessov, 1987, and dermochelyids Natemys peruvianus Wood et al., 1996 or “Psephophorus” rupeliensis van Beneden, 1883. One specimen of costal 1 of Pan-Testudines indet. from the Lutetian Krasnorechenskoe locality resembles that of pleurodires Eocenochelus spp. and Neochelys spp. In addition, new materials of turtles are described from five previously known localities. Among them, new and additionally restored specimens from the Bartonian Ak-Kaya 1 locality of the pan-cheloniid Argillochelys sp., and the dermochelyid Cosmochelys sp., which expand data on their morphology and intraspecific variability. The specimens of pan-cheloniids with deep and dense sculpturing of the external shell surface from the Bakhmutovka, Bulgakovka, Krasnorechenskoe and Tripolye localities clearly belong to a new species, not described due to fragmentary material. It is supposed that Anhuichelys-like pan-testudinoids migrated from Asia in Eastern Europe in the Danian age, and were preserved as relict Dithyrosternon valdense Pictet et Humbert, 1855 until the Priabonian age.
{"title":"Paleogene turtles of Eastern Europe: new findings and a revision","authors":"E.A. Zvonok, I.G. Danilov","doi":"10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.496","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides an overview of all known 39 localities of the Paleogene turtles of Eastern Europe. Numerous remains of turtles are described for the first time from 19 localities, of which six are new, and 13 are the localities from which materials were only mentioned previously. Among them are Pan-Trionychidae indet., Pan-Cheloniidae indet., Dermochelyidae indet. and Pan-Testudines indet., as well as pan-cheloniids Argillochelys sp. from the Ypresian Novoivanovka and the Ypresian or Lutetian Gruzinov localities. Several indeterminate specimens from Eocene localities show similarity to pan-cheloniids Argillochelys cuneiceps (Owen, 1849) and Puppigerus camperi (Gray, 1831) or Tasbacka aldabergeni Nessov, 1987, and dermochelyids Natemys peruvianus Wood et al., 1996 or “Psephophorus” rupeliensis van Beneden, 1883. One specimen of costal 1 of Pan-Testudines indet. from the Lutetian Krasnorechenskoe locality resembles that of pleurodires Eocenochelus spp. and Neochelys spp. In addition, new materials of turtles are described from five previously known localities. Among them, new and additionally restored specimens from the Bartonian Ak-Kaya 1 locality of the pan-cheloniid Argillochelys sp., and the dermochelyid Cosmochelys sp., which expand data on their morphology and intraspecific variability. The specimens of pan-cheloniids with deep and dense sculpturing of the external shell surface from the Bakhmutovka, Bulgakovka, Krasnorechenskoe and Tripolye localities clearly belong to a new species, not described due to fragmentary material. It is supposed that Anhuichelys-like pan-testudinoids migrated from Asia in Eastern Europe in the Danian age, and were preserved as relict Dithyrosternon valdense Pictet et Humbert, 1855 until the Priabonian age.","PeriodicalId":486879,"journal":{"name":"Trudy Zoologičeskogo instituta","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.407
L.A. Fedyaeva
The studies conducted in spring have shown the main trends in changes in the structure of zooplankton in the kultuk zone of the Volga River delta in years that differ in hydrological and temperature regimes. It was revealed that in low-water years (2012, 2014), with a decrease in the volume of runoff, water level, and a reduction in the duration of floods, zooplankton was characterized by relatively low species richness, high biomass of Copepoda and Cladocera. At the same time, the highest rates of specific species richness, biomass and abundance of all zooplankton groups were observed at spring of a low-water year (2014), which was characterized by a runoff volume during the flood of 101 km3, a high pre-flood water levels, the absence of a sharp and significant dilution, as well as an early warm spring and gradual warming of the waters. In the year (2012), characterized by a volume of runoff during the flood period of 114 km3, a decrease in water level and a sharp increase in temperature before the flood, and then its rapid rise with dilution by cold waters, zooplankton was distinguished by the minimum species richness, a low number of ecological groups and low abundance of Cladocera, but a high proportion of juvenile copepods (fine filter feeders) and in terms of biomass of active euryphagous predators and euryphagous collectors. In a medium-water year (2013) with a large volume of runoff during the flood of 140 km3, with early and high and long floods, zooplankton was distinguished by a high total number of species encountered, but a minimum abundance and biomass, which is associated with the “dilution effect” and an increase in the areas of flooded rich in higher aquatic vegetation.
{"title":"Inter-annual changes of zooplankton in the kultuk zone of the Volga River delta in the spring period","authors":"L.A. Fedyaeva","doi":"10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.407","url":null,"abstract":"The studies conducted in spring have shown the main trends in changes in the structure of zooplankton in the kultuk zone of the Volga River delta in years that differ in hydrological and temperature regimes. It was revealed that in low-water years (2012, 2014), with a decrease in the volume of runoff, water level, and a reduction in the duration of floods, zooplankton was characterized by relatively low species richness, high biomass of Copepoda and Cladocera. At the same time, the highest rates of specific species richness, biomass and abundance of all zooplankton groups were observed at spring of a low-water year (2014), which was characterized by a runoff volume during the flood of 101 km3, a high pre-flood water levels, the absence of a sharp and significant dilution, as well as an early warm spring and gradual warming of the waters. In the year (2012), characterized by a volume of runoff during the flood period of 114 km3, a decrease in water level and a sharp increase in temperature before the flood, and then its rapid rise with dilution by cold waters, zooplankton was distinguished by the minimum species richness, a low number of ecological groups and low abundance of Cladocera, but a high proportion of juvenile copepods (fine filter feeders) and in terms of biomass of active euryphagous predators and euryphagous collectors. In a medium-water year (2013) with a large volume of runoff during the flood of 140 km3, with early and high and long floods, zooplankton was distinguished by a high total number of species encountered, but a minimum abundance and biomass, which is associated with the “dilution effect” and an increase in the areas of flooded rich in higher aquatic vegetation.","PeriodicalId":486879,"journal":{"name":"Trudy Zoologičeskogo instituta","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.478
A.I. Sidorova, N.M. Kalinkina
For the first time in Lake Onega, the reproduction features of the alien amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899) were studied based on research in 2010–2011. The period of reproduction in the conditions of the reservoir (May–September) were established, the body length ranges of egg-bearing females, the average and maximum sizes of breeding individuals, as well as fertility were determined. During the study period, a decrease in the average size of females from May–June to August–September was noted, which is associated with the beginning of reproduction of females of the summer generation and the continued reproduction of females of the last year's generation. Equations were calculated that make it possible to predict the fecundity of females by body length, which indicates similar patterns of generative growth of G. fasciatus on the littoral in the northern bays of Lake Onega. Generally, the fecundity of the amphipod is higher in Lake Onega compared to the fecundity of the same species in Lake Ladoga, Neva Bay, Lake Arakhley and the Bratsk Reservoir. This phenomenon is probably associated with the geographical location of Lake Onega, a higher latitude and a longer photoperiod.
{"title":"Dependence of fecundity on body length of the invasive species Gmelinoides fasciatus (Crustacea; Amphipoda) in Lake Onega","authors":"A.I. Sidorova, N.M. Kalinkina","doi":"10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.478","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time in Lake Onega, the reproduction features of the alien amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899) were studied based on research in 2010–2011. The period of reproduction in the conditions of the reservoir (May–September) were established, the body length ranges of egg-bearing females, the average and maximum sizes of breeding individuals, as well as fertility were determined. During the study period, a decrease in the average size of females from May–June to August–September was noted, which is associated with the beginning of reproduction of females of the summer generation and the continued reproduction of females of the last year's generation. Equations were calculated that make it possible to predict the fecundity of females by body length, which indicates similar patterns of generative growth of G. fasciatus on the littoral in the northern bays of Lake Onega. Generally, the fecundity of the amphipod is higher in Lake Onega compared to the fecundity of the same species in Lake Ladoga, Neva Bay, Lake Arakhley and the Bratsk Reservoir. This phenomenon is probably associated with the geographical location of Lake Onega, a higher latitude and a longer photoperiod.","PeriodicalId":486879,"journal":{"name":"Trudy Zoologičeskogo instituta","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.430
A.S. Semenova, O.A. Dmitrieva
The species composition, abundance and biomass, trophic relationships of phytoplankton and zooplankton, as well as the proportion of dead individuals in zooplankton were studied in the water system "Pregolya River – Kaliningrad Sea Channel (KSC) – Vistula Lagoon – Baltic Sea" in July, August and October 2021. In total 173 taxa of phytoplankton and 73 taxa of zooplankton were found during period of investigation. The maximal species diversity was observed in the summer period, in autumn it was decreasing. The maximum number of taxa for both phyto- and zooplankton was found in the Vistula Lagoon and in the KSC, the minimum – in the Baltic Sea. In summer the 3 communities in phytoplankton, 4 in zooplankton, in autumn – 3 communities in both phyto- and zooplankton were found. The plankton communities were confined to water areas with different salinity: The Pregolya River, the KSC and the Vistula Lagoon, the Baltic Sea. The dominant complex of species at the stations differed; species of a predominantly freshwater complex were noted in the Pregolya River, brackish-water species were found in the Vistula Lagoon, and a marine complex of species was identified at the stations of the sea strait and in the Baltic Sea. More abundant plankton communities both in summer and autumn were in the KSC and the Vistula Lagoon (phytoplankton biomass varied from 1.19 g/m3 to 11.89 g/m3; zooplankton biomass varied from 305 mg/m3 to 1801 mg/m3). In this area the most optimal conditions for the development of plankton were formed such as an increased nutrient content and maximum water heating. Plankton communities both in the Pregolya River and in the Baltic Sea in summer and autumn were less abundant (phytoplankton biomass varied from 0.16 g/m3 to 2.50 g/m3; zooplankton biomass varied from 34 mg/m3 to 468 mg/m3). The most intense trophic relationships in the plankton community in the summer in the Baltic Sea, optimal – in the KSC and in the Vistula Lagoon were formed. The proportion of dead individuals in the zooplankton of the studied system in both seasons was maximal in the areas, which had the critical salinity for hydrobionts and high turbulence conditions such as KSC, the Sea strait and at the exit from Sea strait.
{"title":"Plankton communities of the “Pregolya River – Vistula Lagoon – Kaliningrad Sea Channel (KSC) – Baltic Sea system”","authors":"A.S. Semenova, O.A. Dmitrieva","doi":"10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.430","url":null,"abstract":"The species composition, abundance and biomass, trophic relationships of phytoplankton and zooplankton, as well as the proportion of dead individuals in zooplankton were studied in the water system \"Pregolya River – Kaliningrad Sea Channel (KSC) – Vistula Lagoon – Baltic Sea\" in July, August and October 2021. In total 173 taxa of phytoplankton and 73 taxa of zooplankton were found during period of investigation. The maximal species diversity was observed in the summer period, in autumn it was decreasing. The maximum number of taxa for both phyto- and zooplankton was found in the Vistula Lagoon and in the KSC, the minimum – in the Baltic Sea. In summer the 3 communities in phytoplankton, 4 in zooplankton, in autumn – 3 communities in both phyto- and zooplankton were found. The plankton communities were confined to water areas with different salinity: The Pregolya River, the KSC and the Vistula Lagoon, the Baltic Sea. The dominant complex of species at the stations differed; species of a predominantly freshwater complex were noted in the Pregolya River, brackish-water species were found in the Vistula Lagoon, and a marine complex of species was identified at the stations of the sea strait and in the Baltic Sea. More abundant plankton communities both in summer and autumn were in the KSC and the Vistula Lagoon (phytoplankton biomass varied from 1.19 g/m3 to 11.89 g/m3; zooplankton biomass varied from 305 mg/m3 to 1801 mg/m3). In this area the most optimal conditions for the development of plankton were formed such as an increased nutrient content and maximum water heating. Plankton communities both in the Pregolya River and in the Baltic Sea in summer and autumn were less abundant (phytoplankton biomass varied from 0.16 g/m3 to 2.50 g/m3; zooplankton biomass varied from 34 mg/m3 to 468 mg/m3). The most intense trophic relationships in the plankton community in the summer in the Baltic Sea, optimal – in the KSC and in the Vistula Lagoon were formed. The proportion of dead individuals in the zooplankton of the studied system in both seasons was maximal in the areas, which had the critical salinity for hydrobionts and high turbulence conditions such as KSC, the Sea strait and at the exit from Sea strait.","PeriodicalId":486879,"journal":{"name":"Trudy Zoologičeskogo instituta","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper is a preliminary attempt to develop a protocol for analyzing Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleocommunities of soricids using modern approaches for the morphological data analysis. First, we assessed the abilities of fossil soricid collections from Ural and Far East localities to provide a complex interregional analysis of the phenotype variation. Accordingly, for the first time in the general context, the study provides a species list and chronological position of Ural and Far East shrew fossil samples in terms of inter- and intraregional comparisons to reveal general and specific responses of paleocommunities to climatic fluctuations. Second, under the modern approaches, we prepared 182 three-dimensional models of hemimandibles or isolated m1 and built the morphospace of m1 shape for seven Sorex species from the Upper Pleistocene layer MKl-13 and Middle Holocene layer MKl-7 of Medvezhyi Klyk Cave (South Primorye, Russia). Recent samples from East Siberia (Yakutia) and the northern part of the Far East (Magadanskaya Oblast' and Khabarovsky Kray; “cold” habitats) and South Primorye (“warm” habitats) were included into morphospace to actualize potential responses of the fossil samples to Late Quaternary climate fluctuations. Our analysis revealed: (i) a weak reaction of m1 shape of almost all species to the “cold” and “warm” environmental conditions, except S. daphaenodon Thomas, 1907 and S. caecutiens Laxmann, 1788; (ii) two groups of species, namely “generalized” and “specialized” in m1 shape, in line with the idea of distribution of trophic niches among coexisted shrews; (iii) a diagnostic character for fossil samples of S. unguiculatus Dobson, 1890 and S. isodon Turov, 1924.
{"title":"Late Quaternary communities of shrews, Soricidae, from Ural and Far East Regions of Russia: A protocol for the multifactorial morphospace building","authors":"L.L. Voyta, V.E. Omelko, E.P. Izvarin, Yu.E. Kropacheva, E.O. Eidinova, J.A. Shemyakina, V.S. Nikiforova, T.V. Strukova, N.G. Smirnov","doi":"10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.555","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper is a preliminary attempt to develop a protocol for analyzing Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleocommunities of soricids using modern approaches for the morphological data analysis. First, we assessed the abilities of fossil soricid collections from Ural and Far East localities to provide a complex interregional analysis of the phenotype variation. Accordingly, for the first time in the general context, the study provides a species list and chronological position of Ural and Far East shrew fossil samples in terms of inter- and intraregional comparisons to reveal general and specific responses of paleocommunities to climatic fluctuations. Second, under the modern approaches, we prepared 182 three-dimensional models of hemimandibles or isolated m1 and built the morphospace of m1 shape for seven Sorex species from the Upper Pleistocene layer MKl-13 and Middle Holocene layer MKl-7 of Medvezhyi Klyk Cave (South Primorye, Russia). Recent samples from East Siberia (Yakutia) and the northern part of the Far East (Magadanskaya Oblast' and Khabarovsky Kray; “cold” habitats) and South Primorye (“warm” habitats) were included into morphospace to actualize potential responses of the fossil samples to Late Quaternary climate fluctuations. Our analysis revealed: (i) a weak reaction of m1 shape of almost all species to the “cold” and “warm” environmental conditions, except S. daphaenodon Thomas, 1907 and S. caecutiens Laxmann, 1788; (ii) two groups of species, namely “generalized” and “specialized” in m1 shape, in line with the idea of distribution of trophic niches among coexisted shrews; (iii) a diagnostic character for fossil samples of S. unguiculatus Dobson, 1890 and S. isodon Turov, 1924.","PeriodicalId":486879,"journal":{"name":"Trudy Zoologičeskogo instituta","volume":"400 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The life of lakes in winter is still insufficiently studied. The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the quantitative development of planktonic and benthic communities and the abiotic conditions of their existence during the ice-covered period in two small (<1 km2) northern lakes that differ greatly in morphometry and the degree of water humification. A significant difference was revealed in the seasonal dynamics of plankton communities in the studied lakes. In a deeper lake with water uncolored by humus, the quantitative development of phytoplankton at the end of the ice-covered period was almost as significant as during the open-water period. It is necessary to note the rapidity of changes in under-ice phytoplankton in early spring: in April 2020, the content of chlorophyll a in water changed more than six times during a week. There was no mass development of phytoplankton under the ice in a shallow highly humified lake. The zooplankton of the studied lakes was characterized by the opposite trend. In the deep-water lake, the winter zooplankton was noticeably inferior to the summer one in terms of the level of quantitative development; in the shallow lake, a high biomass (~1 g/m2) of zooplankton was noted throughout the entire study period. The macrozoobenthos of lakes in winter, on the whole, retained the same high level of quantitative development as in the open-water period. Seasonal differences were local and were caused by the redistribution of bottom animals due to changes in the oxygen and, possibly, temperature regime of bottom waters. In particular, due to hypoxic-anoxic conditions at the end of the ice-covered period, benthic animals migrated from the profundal zone of the deep-water lake. After the ice melted and the near-bottom waters were saturated with oxygen, the profundal community quickly recovered. Thus, the quantitative development of biological communities in winter can vary greatly even in closely located lakes, in particular, it depends on the degree of humification of the water body. Given the high dynamism of phytoplankton in early spring, the assessment of the role of the under-ice period in the life of lakes, apparently, requires long-term research, including detailed observations at the end of ice-covered period.
{"title":"Hydrobiological characteristic of small lakes in northern Karelia during the ice-covered period","authors":"A.A. Maximov, N.A. Berezina, L.F. Litvinchuk, A.N. Sharov, O.B. Maximova, V.V. Smirnov, N.V. Usov","doi":"10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.3.451","url":null,"abstract":"The life of lakes in winter is still insufficiently studied. The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the quantitative development of planktonic and benthic communities and the abiotic conditions of their existence during the ice-covered period in two small (<1 km2) northern lakes that differ greatly in morphometry and the degree of water humification. A significant difference was revealed in the seasonal dynamics of plankton communities in the studied lakes. In a deeper lake with water uncolored by humus, the quantitative development of phytoplankton at the end of the ice-covered period was almost as significant as during the open-water period. It is necessary to note the rapidity of changes in under-ice phytoplankton in early spring: in April 2020, the content of chlorophyll a in water changed more than six times during a week. There was no mass development of phytoplankton under the ice in a shallow highly humified lake. The zooplankton of the studied lakes was characterized by the opposite trend. In the deep-water lake, the winter zooplankton was noticeably inferior to the summer one in terms of the level of quantitative development; in the shallow lake, a high biomass (~1 g/m2) of zooplankton was noted throughout the entire study period. The macrozoobenthos of lakes in winter, on the whole, retained the same high level of quantitative development as in the open-water period. Seasonal differences were local and were caused by the redistribution of bottom animals due to changes in the oxygen and, possibly, temperature regime of bottom waters. In particular, due to hypoxic-anoxic conditions at the end of the ice-covered period, benthic animals migrated from the profundal zone of the deep-water lake. After the ice melted and the near-bottom waters were saturated with oxygen, the profundal community quickly recovered. Thus, the quantitative development of biological communities in winter can vary greatly even in closely located lakes, in particular, it depends on the degree of humification of the water body. Given the high dynamism of phytoplankton in early spring, the assessment of the role of the under-ice period in the life of lakes, apparently, requires long-term research, including detailed observations at the end of ice-covered period.","PeriodicalId":486879,"journal":{"name":"Trudy Zoologičeskogo instituta","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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