Virtual battery electric vehicle development via 1D tools

Actual testing and prototyping costs make up a significant portion of engineering budgets. Virtual demonstration mainly relies on fast and accurate models with robust performance prediction capability as a cost-effective solution. In this manuscript, GT-Suite, a one-dimensional simulation tool is preferred for developing an isothermal battery model. The developed battery model is implemented to a Light Commercial Vehicle model to run Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle. The critical outputs such as state of charge, energy depletion, heat rejection, and generated power are reported. Histograms such as pack current, charge, and discharge current with respect to its nominal capacity (C-rate) are also created to examine the operation capability of battery. In the results, it is seen that the state of charge diminishes from 90% to 82%, as an expected behavior. It is also found that the Parallel Sparse Direct and Multi-Recursive Iterative Linear Solvers methodology reduces the simulation duration by approximately 100 times, in comparison with Singular Value Decomposition Electrical Inversion Scheme. The runtime of the battery pack modeled with the cellular approach combined with the SVD method is more than 90 h. However, the runtime drops to 0.75 h when the PARDISO technique is applied. The method developed within this study can be used for rapid and accurate development of batteries. The verification can be completed in virtual environment and a vital reduction in engineering/prototype/test costs can be guaranteed. The innovation the developed methodology propose is ensuring a fast and reliable performance assessment via taking the holistic effect of integrated models into consideration. Hence it is possible for original equipment manufacturer to completely or gradually eliminate the actual tests and hence prototype costs, test system, and engineer allocations.