高等教育应该得到更多的补贴吗?

IF 4.5 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI:10.1093/epolic/eiad019
Koen Declercq, Erwin Ooghe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们调查了哪些国家的财政外部性为增加高等教育补贴提供了理由。首先,我们证明了边际财政回收率,即由学费补贴的微小变化引起的总净财政收入变化与总补贴成本变化之比,是关键的统计数据:如果大于一个明确规定的阈值,那么从福利的角度来看,补贴的小幅增加是可取的。我们还表明,边际财政回收率取决于三个统计数据:相对于补贴的参与弹性、边际学生的成功概率、净财政收入收益与高等教育学位补贴水平的比率。其次,我们使用这个公式来近似20个经合组织国家的边际财政回收率。平均边际财政回收率等于0.94,这意味着,平均而言,补贴每增加1欧元,就会收回0.94欧元。这一平均值掩盖了各国之间的巨大差异。在六个国家,边际财政回收率大于1,这意味着在这些国家,增加对高等教育的补贴是明确可取的(即帕累托改进)。在其他14个国家,边际财政恢复率低于1。然而,如果对不平等的厌恶程度不是极端的,那么在另外12个国家,增加补贴也是可取的。第三,为了检验边际财政回收率近似值的质量,我们在一个更详细的模型的基础上对比利时(法兰德斯地区)进行了模拟。与近似值相比,此模拟提供了一个稍微低一些但相当相似的结果。
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Should higher education be subsidized more?
SUMMARY We investigate in which countries fiscal externalities provide a justification for increasing subsidies to higher education. First, we show that the marginal fiscal recovery rate, i.e., the ratio of the change in total net fiscal revenues and the change in total subsidy costs caused by a small change in tuition subsidies, is the key statistic: if larger than a well-specified threshold value, then a small increase in subsidies is desirable from a welfare point of view. We also show that the marginal fiscal recovery rate depends on three statistics: the elasticity of participation with respect to subsidies, the success probability of the marginal student, and the ratio of the net fiscal revenue gain and the subsidy level of a degree in higher education. Second, we use this formula to approximate the marginal fiscal recovery rate in twenty OECD countries. The average marginal fiscal recovery rate is equal to 0.94, meaning that, on average, 0.94 euro is recovered of an increase in subsidies by one euro. This average hides substantial heterogeneity between countries. In six countries, the marginal fiscal recovery rate is larger than one, implying that an increase in subsidies to higher education is unambiguously desirable (i.e., a Pareto improvement) in these countries. In the other 14 countries, the marginal fiscal recovery rate is below one. Yet, if the degree of inequality aversion is not extreme, then increasing subsidies is also desirable in 12 additional countries. Third, to check the quality of our approximation of the marginal fiscal recovery rate, we simulate it for Belgium (region of Flanders) on the basis of a more detailed model. This simulation provides a somewhat lower, yet fairly similar result compared to the approximation.
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来源期刊
Economic Policy
Economic Policy ECONOMICS-
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
期刊介绍: Economic Policy provides timely and authoritative analyses of the choices confronting policymakers. The subject matter ranges from the study of how individual markets can and should work to the broadest interactions in the world economy. Economic Policy features: Analysis of key issues as they emerge Views of top international economists Frontier thinking without technical jargon Wide-reaching coverage of worldwide policy debate
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