Estrategias de prevención de la insuficiencia cardiaca: enfoque integral en diferentes momentos de la enfermedad

Heart failure (HF) is considered a public health problem that affects a significant proportion of the population, especially older adults, leading to substantial morbidity, mortality, and high healthcare costs. Therefore, it becomes necessary to adopt prevention strategies from initial medical care and follow-up as a primary healthcare measure. With the aging population, the increase in cardiovascular risk factors in the general population, a higher survival rate after cardiovascular ischemic events, and an increase in life expectancy, the prevalence and incidence of HF is expected to rise in the upcoming years. The development of symptomatic heart failure is associated with a worsening prognosis despite treatment in accordance with current guidelines, making it a significant source of healthcare resource consumption. Hence, it is relevant to discuss the levels of HF prevention through interventions on risk factors, the disease's progression in those in the early stages of HF, as well as in those in the established and advanced stages of the disease to understand the impact of preventive measures on prognosis when implemented at different stages of the disease.