细胞质雄性不育在高粱高产育种中的应用

N. A. Kovtunova, A. E. Romanyukin, V. V. Kovtunov, G. M. Ermolina, E. A. Shishova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

许多农作物的生产力提高与杂种杂交形式的生产有关,这种杂交形式比传统品种更有生产力。在高粱育种实践中,为了获得杂种优势,培育杂交种子,利用细胞质雄性不育现象。本工作的目的是研究在CMS基础上培育的高粱-苏丹新杂交种,并根据影响绿色批量生产力的主要经济价值性状来确定杂种优势。该研究于2020-2022年在顿斯科伊农业研究中心进行。以竞争品种试验中研究的高粱-苏丹杂交品种为研究对象。播种和田间观察是按照普遍接受的方法进行的。研究年份(2020-2022年)的气象条件变化较大,因此可以对对比条件下的杂交品种进行综合估算。根据影响高粱-苏丹杂交种产量的主要性状(“发芽-抽穗期”长度、株高、第三叶长度和单株叶数)进行了研究,确定了高的杂种优势效应。在此基础上培育的杂交品种,两次扦插的绿色质量生产率为3557 ~ 5949 g/m2。假设杂种优势为59.8% ~ 144.3%,真实杂种优势为22.1 ~ 95.1%。从绿色批量产量看,杂交品种APV-1115 × Kudesnitsa、APV-1115 × Svetloplenchataya 2、APV-1115 × ChT-22、Dzhetta × ChT-22的绿色批量产量最高,超过标准755 ~ 1384 g/m2,高出标准16.5 ~ 30.3%。所鉴定的杂交种在绿色质量生产力和影响生产力的主要性状方面都证实了利用细胞质雄性不育获得高杂种优势的方便性。
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Use of cytoplasmic male sterility in sorghum breeding for productivity
The productivity increase of many agricultural crops is associated with the production of heterotic hybrid forms that are more productive than conventional varieties. In order to obtain a heterotic effect and develop hybrid seeds in sorghum breeding practice, the phenomenon of cytoplasmic male sterility is used. The purpose of the current work was to study new sorghum-Sudan hybrids developed on the basis of CMS, and to determine heterosis according to the main economically valuable traits that affect green mass productivity. The study was carried out in theAgricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2020–2022. The objects of the study were the sorghum-Sudanese hybrids studied in the competitive variety testing. Sowing and field observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The meteorological conditions during the years of study (2020–2022) varied significantly, which made it possible to conduct a comprehensive estimation of hybrids in contrasting conditions. According to the study carried out according to the main traits (length of “sprouts-heading stage” period, plant height, length of the 3rd leaf and number of leaves per plant), which affect the productivity of sorghum-Sudan hybrids, there has been established a high heterotic effect. Hybrids developed on the basis of CMS had a green mass productivity of 3557–5949 g/m2 for two cuts. Hypothetical heterosis ranged from 59.8 to 144.3 %, true heterosis was 22.1–95.1 %. According to the green mass productivity, the hybrids ‘APV-1115 x Kudesnitsa’, ‘APV-1115 x Svetloplenchataya 2’, ‘APV-1115 x ChT-22’, ‘Dzhetta x ChT-22’ were the best ones, exceeding the standard on 755–1384 g/m2 or by 16.5–30.3 %. The identified hybrids have confirmed the expediency of using cytoplasmic male sterility to obtain a highly heterotic effect both in terms of green mass productivity and in terms of the main traits that affect productivity.
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发文量
45
审稿时长
8 weeks
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