Association between Herbal use Behavior and Hemoglobin A1c among Ethnic Minorities in Thai Border Communities

Background: Herbal use is a conventional wisdom of health care that falls under complementary alternative medicine. The purpose of this research was to study factors affecting herbal-use behavior and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in ethnic minorities living in the northern border of Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the three northern border provinces located in the highlands and rural plains between May–July 2022 among ethnic groups, including Hmong, Karen, Lua, and Indigenous. A total of 413 people were recruited for the study using a convenient sampling method. The data were obtained from face-to-face interviews using questionnaires and from blood samples. Results: The mean age of the participant was 50.2 years. More than half of the participants had abnormal HbA1c (> 6.5) (55.7%). The mean score for herbal-use behavior was 19.2 (SD = 3.77). An analysis of Pearson’s correlation coefficient found that herbal-use behavior was positively correlated with health literacy (r = 0.918). HbA1c was negatively correlated with health literacy and health behavior (r = -0.628, r = -0.557). Factors including age and people with diabetes were statistically significantly associated with herbal-use behavior, accounting for 42.3% of the variance. When adjusted for factors, health literacy was found to be statistically significantly associated with herbal-use behavior, which affected HbA1c levels. Conclusion: Health education programs among ethnic minorities should be focused on increasing health knowledge of the types and properties of herbs and herbal-use behavior to help lower blood sugar levels and understand the health effects and consequences of herbal-use.