Background: Less breast milk, breast pain, and engorgement are issues that the majority of postpartum mothers have to confront and overcome. Objective: This study examined the efficacy of Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD), Thai Traditional Massage (TTM), and standard post-partum nursing care on breast milk volume, breast pain, and engorgement in post-cesarean mothers of preterm infants. Methods: Thirty-two participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: an intervention group receiving MLD, TTM, and standard post-partum nursing care (n=16), and a control group receiving standard post-partum nursing care alone (n=16). Outcomes were assessed through breast milk volume, breast pain and engorgement scores, and participant satisfaction. Results: The study showed that the group receiving MLD, TTM, and standard post-partum nursing care had a safe and equivalent level of breast milk production compared to the control group. Additionally, there were no significant differences between groups regarding daily milk expression frequency, breast pain, and engorgement over seven days (p>0.05). However, the experimental group expressed a high level of satisfaction with the MLD, TTM, and standard post-partum nursing care interventions. Conclusion: The combination of MLD, TTM, and standard post-partum nursing care could be a viable alternative for managing post-cesarean care in mothers with preterm infants. Clinical Trial Reg Number: TCTR20230330002.
{"title":"Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Manual Lymphatic Drainage with Thai Traditional Massage on Breast Milk Volume, Breast Pain and Engorgement in Post-Cesarean Mothers of Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Sutisa Sritas, Sudatip Kositamongkol, Sonthaya Nukaw, Pratya Phetkate","doi":"10.2174/0118749445267207230919070638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445267207230919070638","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Less breast milk, breast pain, and engorgement are issues that the majority of postpartum mothers have to confront and overcome. Objective: This study examined the efficacy of Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD), Thai Traditional Massage (TTM), and standard post-partum nursing care on breast milk volume, breast pain, and engorgement in post-cesarean mothers of preterm infants. Methods: Thirty-two participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: an intervention group receiving MLD, TTM, and standard post-partum nursing care (n=16), and a control group receiving standard post-partum nursing care alone (n=16). Outcomes were assessed through breast milk volume, breast pain and engorgement scores, and participant satisfaction. Results: The study showed that the group receiving MLD, TTM, and standard post-partum nursing care had a safe and equivalent level of breast milk production compared to the control group. Additionally, there were no significant differences between groups regarding daily milk expression frequency, breast pain, and engorgement over seven days (p>0.05). However, the experimental group expressed a high level of satisfaction with the MLD, TTM, and standard post-partum nursing care interventions. Conclusion: The combination of MLD, TTM, and standard post-partum nursing care could be a viable alternative for managing post-cesarean care in mothers with preterm infants. Clinical Trial Reg Number: TCTR20230330002.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.2174/0118749445268028230921100630
Gianluigi Ferrazza, Alessandro Nucera, Susanna Longo, Cristiana Ferrari, Andrea Mazza, Andrea Magrini, Luca Coppeta, Stefano Rizza
Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, healthcare workers have been at elevated risk of contracting COVID-19. Although COVID-19 vaccines have contributed to the eradication of, or substantial decreases in, the incidence of lethal diseases, the major determinant of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a fear of associated adverse effects. Here, we performed a survey assessing the reactogenicity and safety of BNT162b2 in a real-world setting. Data were collected from March 1 and June 14, 2021. A total of 206 hospital employees undergoing BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination completed the survey. These hospital workers received a questionnaire to collect the common and uncommon adverse effects developing 2–6 days after the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. After the second dose, female sex was found to be associated with a higher risk of vaccine-related severe systemic adverse effects than male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.116, 95% CI 2.365–7.113). We also observed that the anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain titer, determined on the day when the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was administered, was significantly higher in participants with severe systemic effects than those without such effects (OR 1.017, 95% CI 1.001–1.034). Our study suggested that healthy female healthcare workers had a three-fold higher risk than healthy male healthcare workers of developing severe adverse effects after the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Further research is warranted to determine whether a high anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD titer determined at the time of the second vaccination might indicate a disproportionate inflammatory systemic reaction leading to severe adverse effects. Our findings might contribute to a decrease in the disappearance of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
背景和目的:自SARS-CoV-2大流行开始以来，医护人员感染COVID-19的风险一直在增加。尽管COVID-19疫苗有助于根除或大幅降低致命疾病的发病率，但对COVID-19疫苗犹豫不决的主要决定因素是担心相关的不良反应。在这里，我们进行了一项调查，评估了BNT162b2在现实环境中的反应性和安全性。方法:数据采集时间为2021年3月1日至6月14日。接受BNT162b2 mRNA疫苗接种的206名医院员工完成了调查。这些医院工作人员收到了一份问卷，以收集在第二剂辉瑞- biontech疫苗后2-6天发生的常见和不常见不良反应。结果:第二次接种后，女性发生疫苗相关严重全身不良反应的风险高于男性(比值比[OR] 3.116, 95% CI 2.365-7.113)。我们还观察到，在注射第二剂辉瑞- biontech疫苗当天测定的抗sars - cov -2受体结合域滴度，在有严重全身效应的参与者中显著高于没有这种效应的参与者(OR 1.017, 95% CI 1.001-1.034)。结论:我们的研究表明，健康女性医护人员在第二次接种辉瑞- biontech疫苗后发生严重不良反应的风险比健康男性医护人员高3倍。有必要进行进一步研究，以确定在第二次疫苗接种时检测到的高抗sars - cov -2 RBD滴度是否可能表明存在不成比例的全身炎症反应，导致严重的不良反应。我们的发现可能有助于减少COVID-19疫苗犹豫的消失。
{"title":"Evaluation of Adverse Effects after the Second Dose of BNT162b2 Mrna Vaccination for COVID-19: A Survey-based Analysis among Italian Healthcare Workers","authors":"Gianluigi Ferrazza, Alessandro Nucera, Susanna Longo, Cristiana Ferrari, Andrea Mazza, Andrea Magrini, Luca Coppeta, Stefano Rizza","doi":"10.2174/0118749445268028230921100630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445268028230921100630","url":null,"abstract":"Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, healthcare workers have been at elevated risk of contracting COVID-19. Although COVID-19 vaccines have contributed to the eradication of, or substantial decreases in, the incidence of lethal diseases, the major determinant of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a fear of associated adverse effects. Here, we performed a survey assessing the reactogenicity and safety of BNT162b2 in a real-world setting.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Data were collected from March 1 and June 14, 2021. A total of 206 hospital employees undergoing BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination completed the survey. These hospital workers received a questionnaire to collect the common and uncommon adverse effects developing 2–6 days after the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 After the second dose, female sex was found to be associated with a higher risk of vaccine-related severe systemic adverse effects than male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.116, 95% CI 2.365–7.113). We also observed that the anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain titer, determined on the day when the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was administered, was significantly higher in participants with severe systemic effects than those without such effects (OR 1.017, 95% CI 1.001–1.034).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study suggested that healthy female healthcare workers had a three-fold higher risk than healthy male healthcare workers of developing severe adverse effects after the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Further research is warranted to determine whether a high anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD titer determined at the time of the second vaccination might indicate a disproportionate inflammatory systemic reaction leading to severe adverse effects. Our findings might contribute to a decrease in the disappearance of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135461300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.2174/0118749445262206230927054154
Irwan Irwan, Lintje Boekoesoe, Deliyana I. Katili, Desiana Pratiwi Hantulu, Mar’atuljannah Una
Context: The behavior model for preventing HIV/AIDS transmission in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth can contain HIV/AIDS information in this population. Objective: According to Planned Behavior Theory (PBT), human growth within different social environments may gain further information on various issues. This information can be the basis of their behavioral beliefs, social demands of essential others (normative beliefs), and obstacles that can prevent them from showing certain behaviors (control beliefs). These factors can influence intention and behavior. This study aims to develop a model for HIV/AIDS risk-related behavior among LGBT youth based on PBT. Methods: This was an observational study using a cross-sectional approach. The modeling used the Structural Equation Model (SEM) pathway through the AMOS 8.50 software application. The variables in this study are internal factors, such as religious obedience, knowledge, beliefs, intention, and risky behavior. Participants: This study occurred in Gorontalo Province with 200 LGBT youths with risky behaviors. Results: Risk behavior modeling results of LGBT youths in Gorontalo; Religious adherence affects risk behavior through intention. Overall, research results from the study using the PBT approach emphasize that religious obedience does not directly affect the behavioral variables but rather beliefs and intentions. Conclusion: HIV/AIDS prevention programs for LGBT youth should focus on religious activities.
{"title":"HIV/AIDS Risky Behavior Model for LGBT Youth in the Gorontalo Province","authors":"Irwan Irwan, Lintje Boekoesoe, Deliyana I. Katili, Desiana Pratiwi Hantulu, Mar’atuljannah Una","doi":"10.2174/0118749445262206230927054154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445262206230927054154","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The behavior model for preventing HIV/AIDS transmission in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth can contain HIV/AIDS information in this population. Objective: According to Planned Behavior Theory (PBT), human growth within different social environments may gain further information on various issues. This information can be the basis of their behavioral beliefs, social demands of essential others (normative beliefs), and obstacles that can prevent them from showing certain behaviors (control beliefs). These factors can influence intention and behavior. This study aims to develop a model for HIV/AIDS risk-related behavior among LGBT youth based on PBT. Methods: This was an observational study using a cross-sectional approach. The modeling used the Structural Equation Model (SEM) pathway through the AMOS 8.50 software application. The variables in this study are internal factors, such as religious obedience, knowledge, beliefs, intention, and risky behavior. Participants: This study occurred in Gorontalo Province with 200 LGBT youths with risky behaviors. Results: Risk behavior modeling results of LGBT youths in Gorontalo; Religious adherence affects risk behavior through intention. Overall, research results from the study using the PBT approach emphasize that religious obedience does not directly affect the behavioral variables but rather beliefs and intentions. Conclusion: HIV/AIDS prevention programs for LGBT youth should focus on religious activities.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"47 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135461299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The hospital is a workplace that holds a potential risk of occupational diseases and work accidents for its workers. Physical factors are one of the factors that need to be properly evaluated to control these hazards. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the factors related to knowledge and awareness of physical hazards in the workplace. Methods: In this study, correlation analysis has been conducted using chi-square, and a cross-sectional design has been employed involving a sample of 200 workers from oral and dental hospitals in Semarang. This study has used several samples. The instrument used in this study has been a modification of the Victorian Trades Hall Council and Workplace Safety and Health Risk Management. The independent variables included in this study were individual characteristics, and physical hazards were taken as the dependent variable. A computer program was used for inputting, scoring, and tabulating the data, while the correlation was tested using chi-square. Results: The respondents in this study had a good level of knowledge of physical hazards, with 67% of knowledge accounting for the hazard of noise, 50% for the physical hazard of electricity and equipment, 51% for fire hazards, 63.5% for the physical hazard of exposure to lighting, 71.5% for the physical hazard of exposure to heat, 65% for the physical hazard of exposure to radiation, and 41.5% for the physical hazard of vibration. The years of service of the respondents accounted for a p-value of 0.045. Conclusion: The level of awareness of safety against physical hazards among workers in the studied hospitals has been found to be at an optimal level.
{"title":"Awareness among Healthcare Workers regarding Physical Hazards in Dental and Oral Hospitals of Semarang, Indonesia","authors":"Diki Bima Prasetio, Muchammad Rully Sjahirul Alim, Tiwakron Prachaiboon, Jipri Suyanto, Dwi Windu Kinanti Arti, Eli Sahiroh, Nasya Adelia Putri, Shinta Dwi Surya Pramesti, Yuliani Setyaningsih","doi":"10.2174/0118749445248110230921073329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445248110230921073329","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The hospital is a workplace that holds a potential risk of occupational diseases and work accidents for its workers. Physical factors are one of the factors that need to be properly evaluated to control these hazards. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the factors related to knowledge and awareness of physical hazards in the workplace. Methods: In this study, correlation analysis has been conducted using chi-square, and a cross-sectional design has been employed involving a sample of 200 workers from oral and dental hospitals in Semarang. This study has used several samples. The instrument used in this study has been a modification of the Victorian Trades Hall Council and Workplace Safety and Health Risk Management. The independent variables included in this study were individual characteristics, and physical hazards were taken as the dependent variable. A computer program was used for inputting, scoring, and tabulating the data, while the correlation was tested using chi-square. Results: The respondents in this study had a good level of knowledge of physical hazards, with 67% of knowledge accounting for the hazard of noise, 50% for the physical hazard of electricity and equipment, 51% for fire hazards, 63.5% for the physical hazard of exposure to lighting, 71.5% for the physical hazard of exposure to heat, 65% for the physical hazard of exposure to radiation, and 41.5% for the physical hazard of vibration. The years of service of the respondents accounted for a p-value of 0.045. Conclusion: The level of awareness of safety against physical hazards among workers in the studied hospitals has been found to be at an optimal level.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135943758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.2174/0118749445253763230920043828
Florence Upenyu Damba, Ntombifikile Gloria Mtshali, Moses John Chimbari
Background: A few frameworks have been developed to guide the translation of research findings into policy in low-resourced countries. However, none of the frameworks are specific for PhD work and this often results in the work not being fully utilized for policy development. Objective: This paper aimed to develop a framework tailored to facilitate the uptake by policymakers of knowledge generated from PhD studies in countries with limited resources. Methods: Qualitative data were collected from 10 College of Health Sciences Leadership and 4 Department of Health personnel as well as from content analysis of 29 PhD theses. Quantitative data were collected through an online questionnaire administered to 47 PhD, 11 Ph.D final year students and 21 Ph.D supervisors. The framework was inspired by and adapted in part from the KTA framework. Results: The conceptual framework that emerged from the study consists of three main concepts namely (a) barriers of research uptake, (b) facilitators of research uptake, and (c) stages of knowledge uptake. Each concept has several constructs. For each barrier, there is a facilitator which makes it easy for translation to take place and for each barrier and facilitator, there is a knowledge uptake stage to be followed for translation to take place. Conclusion: The framework can be used to facilitate the uptake of knowledge generated from PhD studies by policymakers in the South African context. We consider this framework unique as it is, to our knowledge, the first one that is specific for the translation of Ph.D work.
{"title":"Development of a Conceptual Framework to Guide Uptake of PhD-generated Knowledge by Policymakers","authors":"Florence Upenyu Damba, Ntombifikile Gloria Mtshali, Moses John Chimbari","doi":"10.2174/0118749445253763230920043828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445253763230920043828","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A few frameworks have been developed to guide the translation of research findings into policy in low-resourced countries. However, none of the frameworks are specific for PhD work and this often results in the work not being fully utilized for policy development. Objective: This paper aimed to develop a framework tailored to facilitate the uptake by policymakers of knowledge generated from PhD studies in countries with limited resources. Methods: Qualitative data were collected from 10 College of Health Sciences Leadership and 4 Department of Health personnel as well as from content analysis of 29 PhD theses. Quantitative data were collected through an online questionnaire administered to 47 PhD, 11 Ph.D final year students and 21 Ph.D supervisors. The framework was inspired by and adapted in part from the KTA framework. Results: The conceptual framework that emerged from the study consists of three main concepts namely (a) barriers of research uptake, (b) facilitators of research uptake, and (c) stages of knowledge uptake. Each concept has several constructs. For each barrier, there is a facilitator which makes it easy for translation to take place and for each barrier and facilitator, there is a knowledge uptake stage to be followed for translation to take place. Conclusion: The framework can be used to facilitate the uptake of knowledge generated from PhD studies by policymakers in the South African context. We consider this framework unique as it is, to our knowledge, the first one that is specific for the translation of Ph.D work.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health providers and policymakers aim to prevent or reduce the severity of disease outcomes globally. The present study aimed to explore the outcomes and common symptoms of COVID-19 in the elderly population vaccinated against influenza and COVID-19 in hospitals of Ramsar and Tonekabon cities in Iran. To participate in the present cross-sectional descriptive study, 11 qualified subjects were selected through a census. The data collection instruments included the “Demographic and clinical questionnaire” and “Registration form of sampled patients with acute disease syndrome”. The data were analyzed in SPSS 24 using descriptive statistics (frequency). The average age of the participants was 70.63±5.85 years. As the results showed, mild cardiovascular symptoms were found in 6 participants (54.5%), lower respiratory system symptoms in 5 (45.5%), nervous system symptoms in 4 (36.4%), and auxiliary symptoms in 4 (36.4%). No cardiac, renal, blood or central nervous system outcomes were observed in the elderly, and the mortality rate was 0%. The findings also showed a reduction in clinical symptoms and severity of outcomes, an improvement in clinical findings, and no mortality among the elderly. The present findings supported measures aimed at increasing the coverage of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination in people, especially the elderly.
{"title":"Symptoms and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Elderly Recipients of Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccines","authors":"Fatemeh Mohammadkhah, Seyed Amirhossein Moslehi, Fatemeh Larijani, Arash Ziapour, Fakhreddin Chaboksavar, Hamidreza Asaeiyan, Kamiar Hossein Ashrafi, Zahra Fotokian","doi":"10.2174/0118749445249950230921065742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445249950230921065742","url":null,"abstract":"Health providers and policymakers aim to prevent or reduce the severity of disease outcomes globally.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study aimed to explore the outcomes and common symptoms of COVID-19 in the elderly population vaccinated against influenza and COVID-19 in hospitals of Ramsar and Tonekabon cities in Iran.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To participate in the present cross-sectional descriptive study, 11 qualified subjects were selected through a census. The data collection instruments included the “Demographic and clinical questionnaire” and “Registration form of sampled patients with acute disease syndrome”. The data were analyzed in SPSS 24 using descriptive statistics (frequency).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The average age of the participants was 70.63±5.85 years. As the results showed, mild cardiovascular symptoms were found in 6 participants (54.5%), lower respiratory system symptoms in 5 (45.5%), nervous system symptoms in 4 (36.4%), and auxiliary symptoms in 4 (36.4%). No cardiac, renal, blood or central nervous system outcomes were observed in the elderly, and the mortality rate was 0%. The findings also showed a reduction in clinical symptoms and severity of outcomes, an improvement in clinical findings, and no mortality among the elderly.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present findings supported measures aimed at increasing the coverage of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination in people, especially the elderly.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iran is one of the malaria-prone countries. Malaria transmission is likely to be affected by many factors, including meteorological variables. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of climate variables on malaria incidence. A secondary analysis was conducted to examine the relation between malaria and meteorological variables in Zahedan district from 2000 to 2019. We built univariate and multivariate Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models and Generalized Additive Models (GAM)/ Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) using R software. AIC, BIC and residual tests were used to test the goodness of fit of SARIMA models, and R2 was used to select the best model in GAM/GAMM. The SARIMA multivariate (1,0,1) (0,1,1)12 model, including the mean temperature and minimum humidity variables without lag, was the best fit. In nonlinear analysis, the number of malaria cases positively correlated with the month from January and peaked in May (edf=6.29). There was a generally negative correlation between malaria and time in years (edf=8.41). The mean temperature, between 20 to 30°C had the highest and slightly positive relation with the incidence of malaria (edf=7.55). Rainfall showed a negative association with small fluctuations between 20 and 45 mm and a positive association over 50 mm (edf=7.52). Mean relative humidity from above 50% had a negative relation with the number of cases (edf=6.93). The hours of sunshine in a month, until 235 hours, had a negative correlation and above 340 hours had a positive correlation with the incidence of malaria (edf=7.4). Meteorological variables can affect malaria occurrence.
{"title":"Linear and Nonlinear Associations between Meteorological Variables and the Incidence of Malaria in Zahedan District Southwest of Iran 2000-2019","authors":"Sairan Nili, Narges Khanjani, Ebrahim Ghaderi, Minoo Mohammadkhani","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230902-2023-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230902-2023-60","url":null,"abstract":"Iran is one of the malaria-prone countries. Malaria transmission is likely to be affected by many factors, including meteorological variables. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of climate variables on malaria incidence. A secondary analysis was conducted to examine the relation between malaria and meteorological variables in Zahedan district from 2000 to 2019. We built univariate and multivariate Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models and Generalized Additive Models (GAM)/ Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) using R software. AIC, BIC and residual tests were used to test the goodness of fit of SARIMA models, and R2 was used to select the best model in GAM/GAMM. The SARIMA multivariate (1,0,1) (0,1,1)12 model, including the mean temperature and minimum humidity variables without lag, was the best fit. In nonlinear analysis, the number of malaria cases positively correlated with the month from January and peaked in May (edf=6.29). There was a generally negative correlation between malaria and time in years (edf=8.41). The mean temperature, between 20 to 30°C had the highest and slightly positive relation with the incidence of malaria (edf=7.55). Rainfall showed a negative association with small fluctuations between 20 and 45 mm and a positive association over 50 mm (edf=7.52). Mean relative humidity from above 50% had a negative relation with the number of cases (edf=6.93). The hours of sunshine in a month, until 235 hours, had a negative correlation and above 340 hours had a positive correlation with the incidence of malaria (edf=7.4). Meteorological variables can affect malaria occurrence.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230911-2023-124
Driss Haisoufi, El arbi Bouaiti
Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified as a respiratory disease that originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020. Morocco reported its first coronavirus case on 2 March 2020. During the week of 9-15 March 2020, Morocco took steps to limit the spread of the epidemic. This article describes the use of spatial data applications in epidemiological research in Morocco, specifically its response to the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: To conduct this study, we relied on the use and analysis of data provided by the Moroccan Ministry of Health for the study period from May to July 2021, as well as the geographical and administrative map of the Kingdom of Morocco. Spatial analysis of COVID-19 was performed using ArcGIS 10.8 and QGIS, a geographic information processing software. Health data for the 12 regions of the Moroccan territory were presented in the number of COVID-19 cases as a discrete quantitative variable and over time as a continuous time variable. Results: According to a map created using GIS, the concentration of COVID-19 cases appeared to be highest in the Casablanca Settat region. Depending on the number of documented COVID-19 cases, regions were ranked as follows: Casablanca-Settat> Rabat-Sale-Kenitra> Marrakech-Safi > Fes-Meknes > Tangier-Tetouan-Alhouceima>Oriental>Souss-Massa > Béni Mellal-Khenifra> Draa-Tafilalet> Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra >Guelmim-Oued Noun > Dakhla-Oued Eddahab. The increase in cases in major cities was due to several factors, including demographic, social and environmental factors. This demonstrated the need to consider demographic contributions to environmental health. Demographic factors helped us understand the health of our environment empirically. Geography improved health decision-making and accountability. Incorporating the geographic context of the spread of COVID-19 helped decision-makers understand the impact of location on strategies and goals to combat this pandemic. Conclusion: This study identified areas with high and low COVID-19 clusters and hotspots. The produced maps can serve as an excellent management tool to control and effectively eliminate the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to investments in epidemiological surveillance programs.
{"title":"Application of Geographic Information Systems in the Study of COVID-19 in Morocco","authors":"Driss Haisoufi, El arbi Bouaiti","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230911-2023-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230911-2023-124","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified as a respiratory disease that originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020. Morocco reported its first coronavirus case on 2 March 2020. During the week of 9-15 March 2020, Morocco took steps to limit the spread of the epidemic. This article describes the use of spatial data applications in epidemiological research in Morocco, specifically its response to the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: To conduct this study, we relied on the use and analysis of data provided by the Moroccan Ministry of Health for the study period from May to July 2021, as well as the geographical and administrative map of the Kingdom of Morocco. Spatial analysis of COVID-19 was performed using ArcGIS 10.8 and QGIS, a geographic information processing software. Health data for the 12 regions of the Moroccan territory were presented in the number of COVID-19 cases as a discrete quantitative variable and over time as a continuous time variable. Results: According to a map created using GIS, the concentration of COVID-19 cases appeared to be highest in the Casablanca Settat region. Depending on the number of documented COVID-19 cases, regions were ranked as follows: Casablanca-Settat> Rabat-Sale-Kenitra> Marrakech-Safi > Fes-Meknes > Tangier-Tetouan-Alhouceima>Oriental>Souss-Massa > Béni Mellal-Khenifra> Draa-Tafilalet> Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra >Guelmim-Oued Noun > Dakhla-Oued Eddahab. The increase in cases in major cities was due to several factors, including demographic, social and environmental factors. This demonstrated the need to consider demographic contributions to environmental health. Demographic factors helped us understand the health of our environment empirically. Geography improved health decision-making and accountability. Incorporating the geographic context of the spread of COVID-19 helped decision-makers understand the impact of location on strategies and goals to combat this pandemic. Conclusion: This study identified areas with high and low COVID-19 clusters and hotspots. The produced maps can serve as an excellent management tool to control and effectively eliminate the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to investments in epidemiological surveillance programs.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135922823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The pattern of death due to COVID-19 is not the same worldwide and requires special approaches and strategies to identify. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the pattern of COVID-19 mortality rates in different countries using the Growth Mixture Model (GMM). Methods: This longitudinal study examined mortality trends due to COVID-19 for 214 countries during 2020-2022. Data were extracted from the World Health Organization reports. Countries were classified using Latent Growth Models (LGM) and GMM based on reported death trends. Results: Countries worldwide were classified into four clusters with different mortality patterns due to COVID-19. The highest increase in the death rate was related to cluster 2, including three countries of Iran, Peru, and Spain. The lowest increase in the death rate in each period belonged to cluster 1, which included about 60% of the world's countries. In cluster 3, most European countries, the United States, and a few countries from South America and Southeast Asia were placed. Italy was the only country in the fourth cluster. Conclusion: Our findings showed which countries performed better or worse in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Clustering Countries based on the Trend of COVID-19 Mortality Rates: An Application of Growth Mixture Models","authors":"Mohammadreza Balooch Hasankhani, Yunes Jahani, Hamid Sharifi, Ali Jafari-Khounigh, Zahra Khorrami","doi":"10.2174/0118749445260995230925103838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445260995230925103838","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The pattern of death due to COVID-19 is not the same worldwide and requires special approaches and strategies to identify. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the pattern of COVID-19 mortality rates in different countries using the Growth Mixture Model (GMM). Methods: This longitudinal study examined mortality trends due to COVID-19 for 214 countries during 2020-2022. Data were extracted from the World Health Organization reports. Countries were classified using Latent Growth Models (LGM) and GMM based on reported death trends. Results: Countries worldwide were classified into four clusters with different mortality patterns due to COVID-19. The highest increase in the death rate was related to cluster 2, including three countries of Iran, Peru, and Spain. The lowest increase in the death rate in each period belonged to cluster 1, which included about 60% of the world's countries. In cluster 3, most European countries, the United States, and a few countries from South America and Southeast Asia were placed. Italy was the only country in the fourth cluster. Conclusion: Our findings showed which countries performed better or worse in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135922822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in both men and women around the world. Considering the heavy economic and social burden of readmission of cardiovascular patients on the patients and their families as well as the health care system, this study aimed at determining the factors associated with hospital readmission of cardiovascular patients in four public hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on cardiovascular patients hospitalized in public hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A total of 264 patients were studied, 132 of whom had been readmitted and were selected through the census method. The other 132 patients had not been readmitted and were randomly selected through stratified sampling proportional to the size and simple random sampling method. The patients were examined using a questionnaire developed according to previous studies and experts' opinions. To analyze the data collected, we used the t-test, chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney test, and logistic regression through the SPSS 23.0 software. Results: The results showed that the following factors were associated with the readmission of the cardiovascular patients: being hospitalized 6 to 9 months before the current admission (OR=19.03, P-value<0.001), having arrhythmia (OR=6.34, P-value<0.001), having right ventricular dysfunction (OR=4.99, P-value=0.019), having fluid and electrolyte disorder (OR=3.89, P-value=0<0.001), undergoing angiography (OR=2.96, P-value=0.003), having chest pain (OR=2.42, P-value=0.014), having cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular co-morbidities (OR=1.45, P-value=0<0.001), and having non-elective admission (OR=2.10, P-value=0.034). Conclusion: Given the influencing factors, management and follow-up of the patients, especially the high-risk ones, after discharge and providing them with the necessary training to prevent various complications could reduce their readmission rates.
{"title":"Factors Associated with Readmission of Cardiovascular Patients: A Cross-sectional Study in Iran","authors":"Marzie Salimi, Peivand Bastani, Mahdi Nasiri, Mehrdad Karajizadeh, Ramin Ravangard","doi":"10.2174/0118749445245440230925051347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445245440230925051347","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in both men and women around the world. Considering the heavy economic and social burden of readmission of cardiovascular patients on the patients and their families as well as the health care system, this study aimed at determining the factors associated with hospital readmission of cardiovascular patients in four public hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on cardiovascular patients hospitalized in public hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A total of 264 patients were studied, 132 of whom had been readmitted and were selected through the census method. The other 132 patients had not been readmitted and were randomly selected through stratified sampling proportional to the size and simple random sampling method. The patients were examined using a questionnaire developed according to previous studies and experts' opinions. To analyze the data collected, we used the t-test, chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney test, and logistic regression through the SPSS 23.0 software. Results: The results showed that the following factors were associated with the readmission of the cardiovascular patients: being hospitalized 6 to 9 months before the current admission (OR=19.03, P-value<0.001), having arrhythmia (OR=6.34, P-value<0.001), having right ventricular dysfunction (OR=4.99, P-value=0.019), having fluid and electrolyte disorder (OR=3.89, P-value=0<0.001), undergoing angiography (OR=2.96, P-value=0.003), having chest pain (OR=2.42, P-value=0.014), having cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular co-morbidities (OR=1.45, P-value=0<0.001), and having non-elective admission (OR=2.10, P-value=0.034). Conclusion: Given the influencing factors, management and follow-up of the patients, especially the high-risk ones, after discharge and providing them with the necessary training to prevent various complications could reduce their readmission rates.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135923837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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