Kenton L. Sena, Jerrica K. Flynn, Wendy Leuenberger, Randall Kolka, Christopher D. Barton
{"title":"在不同的最佳管理措施下,阿巴拉契亚山脉三条水源粗木屑丰度的长期变化","authors":"Kenton L. Sena, Jerrica K. Flynn, Wendy Leuenberger, Randall Kolka, Christopher D. Barton","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1242878","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Timber harvests influence coarse woody debris (CWD) dynamics both initially and long-term—contributing a significant amount of CWD as slash immediately after harvest, but also removing some or all of the mature trees necessary to produce CWD over time. Whereas shelterwood and other similar timber harvest systems retain varying amounts of the overstory, preserving CWD production after harvest, commercial clearcutting essentially eliminates sources of fresh CWD until regenerating trees are large enough to contribute CWD through fallen limbs or trunks, often decades after harvest. Forestry best management practices (BMPs) are critical for reducing the water quality impacts of timber harvest, but their effects on riparian and stream CWD are not well understood. Methods The current project explores CWD dynamics (surveyed in 2001, 2004, 2009, and 2020) in three eastern Kentucky watersheds receiving differing timber harvest treatments in 1983: unharvested control, BMPs (clearcut with a protected streamside management zone), and no BMPs (clearcut). Results Analysis of hydrology data over the period of record demonstrated significant flooding in 2004 that likely “reset” CWD in the study watersheds. Coarse woody debris volume was higher in control (3.33 m 3 /ha) than no BMP (1.03 m 3 /ha) in 2020, with CWD accumulation rates ranging from 0.039 m 3 /ha in the no BMP watershed to 0.19 m 3 /ha in the control. Discussion While not significantly different, CWD volume was nominally higher in the BMP watershed than the No BMP watershed, suggesting that, in addition to their many other benefits, streamside management zones help facilitate CWD provisioning during stand initiation after a commercial clearcut harvest. Furthermore, this study suggests that provisioning of CWD may not recover after clearcut harvesting for 100 years or more.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Long-term changes in coarse woody debris abundance in three Appalachian headwater streams with differing best management practices\",\"authors\":\"Kenton L. Sena, Jerrica K. Flynn, Wendy Leuenberger, Randall Kolka, Christopher D. 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Methods The current project explores CWD dynamics (surveyed in 2001, 2004, 2009, and 2020) in three eastern Kentucky watersheds receiving differing timber harvest treatments in 1983: unharvested control, BMPs (clearcut with a protected streamside management zone), and no BMPs (clearcut). Results Analysis of hydrology data over the period of record demonstrated significant flooding in 2004 that likely “reset” CWD in the study watersheds. Coarse woody debris volume was higher in control (3.33 m 3 /ha) than no BMP (1.03 m 3 /ha) in 2020, with CWD accumulation rates ranging from 0.039 m 3 /ha in the no BMP watershed to 0.19 m 3 /ha in the control. Discussion While not significantly different, CWD volume was nominally higher in the BMP watershed than the No BMP watershed, suggesting that, in addition to their many other benefits, streamside management zones help facilitate CWD provisioning during stand initiation after a commercial clearcut harvest. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
木材采伐会影响初始和长期的粗木屑(CWD)动态,在采伐后立即产生大量的CWD,但随着时间的推移,也会去除产生CWD所需的部分或全部成熟树木。尽管防护林和其他类似的木材采伐系统保留了不同数量的被覆盖层,保留了采伐后产生的CWD,但商业性砍伐基本上消除了新CWD的来源,直到再生的树木足够大,通常在采伐后的几十年里,通过倒下的树枝或树干来贡献CWD。林业最佳管理实践(BMPs)对于减少木材采伐对水质的影响至关重要,但其对河岸和溪流CWD的影响尚未得到很好的了解。本项目探讨了肯塔基州东部三个流域的CWD动态(分别于2001年、2004年、2009年和2020年进行了调查),这些流域在1983年接受了不同的木材采伐处理:未采伐控制、bmp(有保护的河滨管理区的砍伐)和无bmp(砍伐)。结果有记录以来的水文数据分析表明,2004年发生了严重的洪水,可能“重置”了研究流域的CWD。2020年,对照区粗木屑体积(3.33 m 3 /ha)高于无BMP区(1.03 m 3 /ha), CWD累积速率从无BMP区0.039 m 3 /ha到对照区0.19 m 3 /ha不等。虽然没有显著差异,但BMP流域的CWD量名义上高于无BMP流域,这表明,除了它们的许多其他好处外,河滨管理区有助于在商业采伐后林分建立期间促进CWD的供应。此外,本研究表明,在采伐后100年或更长时间内,CWD的供应可能不会恢复。
Long-term changes in coarse woody debris abundance in three Appalachian headwater streams with differing best management practices
Introduction Timber harvests influence coarse woody debris (CWD) dynamics both initially and long-term—contributing a significant amount of CWD as slash immediately after harvest, but also removing some or all of the mature trees necessary to produce CWD over time. Whereas shelterwood and other similar timber harvest systems retain varying amounts of the overstory, preserving CWD production after harvest, commercial clearcutting essentially eliminates sources of fresh CWD until regenerating trees are large enough to contribute CWD through fallen limbs or trunks, often decades after harvest. Forestry best management practices (BMPs) are critical for reducing the water quality impacts of timber harvest, but their effects on riparian and stream CWD are not well understood. Methods The current project explores CWD dynamics (surveyed in 2001, 2004, 2009, and 2020) in three eastern Kentucky watersheds receiving differing timber harvest treatments in 1983: unharvested control, BMPs (clearcut with a protected streamside management zone), and no BMPs (clearcut). Results Analysis of hydrology data over the period of record demonstrated significant flooding in 2004 that likely “reset” CWD in the study watersheds. Coarse woody debris volume was higher in control (3.33 m 3 /ha) than no BMP (1.03 m 3 /ha) in 2020, with CWD accumulation rates ranging from 0.039 m 3 /ha in the no BMP watershed to 0.19 m 3 /ha in the control. Discussion While not significantly different, CWD volume was nominally higher in the BMP watershed than the No BMP watershed, suggesting that, in addition to their many other benefits, streamside management zones help facilitate CWD provisioning during stand initiation after a commercial clearcut harvest. Furthermore, this study suggests that provisioning of CWD may not recover after clearcut harvesting for 100 years or more.