Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1215813
Rajarajan Ramakrishnan, Amit Roy, J. Hradecký, Marco Kai, Karel Harant, A. Svatoš, Anna Jirošová
In recent years, bark beetle Ips typographus, has caused extensive damage to European Norway spruce forests through widespread outbreaks. This pest employs pheromone-assisted aggregation to overcome tree defense, resulting in mass attacks on host spruce. Many morphological and behavioral processes in I. typographus are under the regulation of juvenile hormone III (JH III), including the biosynthesis of aggregation pheromones and associated detoxification monoterpene conjugates.In this study, we topically applied juvenile hormone III (JH III) and performed metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics in I. typographus both sexes, with focused aims; 1. Highlight the JH III-regulated metabolic processes; 2. Identify pheromone biosynthesis-linked genes; and 3. Investigate JH III’s impact on detoxification conjugates linked to pheromonal components.Numerous gene families were enriched after JH III treatment, including genes associated with catalytic and oxidoreductase activity, esterases, phosphatases, and membrane transporters. Sex-specific enrichments for reproduction-related and detoxification genes in females and metabolic regulation genes in males were observed. On the protein level were enriched metal ion binding and transferase enzymes in male beetles. After JHIII treatment, mevalonate pathway genes, including terminal isoprenyl diphosphate synthase (IPDS), were exclusively 35- folds upregulated in males, providing evidence of de novo biosynthesis of pheromone components 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and ipsdienol. In addition, cytochrome P450 genes likely involved in the biosynthesis of cis/trans-verbenol, detoxification, and formation of ipsdienol, were 3-fold upregulated in the male gut. The increase in gene expression correlated with the heightened production of the respective metabolites. Detoxification conjugates, verbenyl oleate in the beetle fat body and verbenyl diglycosides in the gut, were induced by JHIII application, which confirms the hormone regulation of their formation. The JH III induction also increased the gene contigs esterase and glycosyl hydrolase up to proteins from male gut tissue. The esterase was proposed to release pheromone cis-verbenol in adult males by breaking down verbenyl oleate. The correlating analyses confirmed a reduction in the abundance of verbenyl oleate in the induced male beetle.The data provide evidence of JH III’s regulatory role in the expression of genes and enzymes related to fundamental beetle metabolism, pheromone biosynthesis, and detoxification in Ips typographus.
{"title":"Juvenile hormone III induction reveals key genes in general metabolism, pheromone biosynthesis, and detoxification in Eurasian spruce bark beetle","authors":"Rajarajan Ramakrishnan, Amit Roy, J. Hradecký, Marco Kai, Karel Harant, A. Svatoš, Anna Jirošová","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1215813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1215813","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, bark beetle Ips typographus, has caused extensive damage to European Norway spruce forests through widespread outbreaks. This pest employs pheromone-assisted aggregation to overcome tree defense, resulting in mass attacks on host spruce. Many morphological and behavioral processes in I. typographus are under the regulation of juvenile hormone III (JH III), including the biosynthesis of aggregation pheromones and associated detoxification monoterpene conjugates.In this study, we topically applied juvenile hormone III (JH III) and performed metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics in I. typographus both sexes, with focused aims; 1. Highlight the JH III-regulated metabolic processes; 2. Identify pheromone biosynthesis-linked genes; and 3. Investigate JH III’s impact on detoxification conjugates linked to pheromonal components.Numerous gene families were enriched after JH III treatment, including genes associated with catalytic and oxidoreductase activity, esterases, phosphatases, and membrane transporters. Sex-specific enrichments for reproduction-related and detoxification genes in females and metabolic regulation genes in males were observed. On the protein level were enriched metal ion binding and transferase enzymes in male beetles. After JHIII treatment, mevalonate pathway genes, including terminal isoprenyl diphosphate synthase (IPDS), were exclusively 35- folds upregulated in males, providing evidence of de novo biosynthesis of pheromone components 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and ipsdienol. In addition, cytochrome P450 genes likely involved in the biosynthesis of cis/trans-verbenol, detoxification, and formation of ipsdienol, were 3-fold upregulated in the male gut. The increase in gene expression correlated with the heightened production of the respective metabolites. Detoxification conjugates, verbenyl oleate in the beetle fat body and verbenyl diglycosides in the gut, were induced by JHIII application, which confirms the hormone regulation of their formation. The JH III induction also increased the gene contigs esterase and glycosyl hydrolase up to proteins from male gut tissue. The esterase was proposed to release pheromone cis-verbenol in adult males by breaking down verbenyl oleate. The correlating analyses confirmed a reduction in the abundance of verbenyl oleate in the induced male beetle.The data provide evidence of JH III’s regulatory role in the expression of genes and enzymes related to fundamental beetle metabolism, pheromone biosynthesis, and detoxification in Ips typographus.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139438249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burgeoning mycorrhizal research has focused on identifying the various diverse mycorrhizal strategies of forest communities. Mounting evidence suggests that mycorrhizae play important roles in regulating forest community structure and composition. However, research into the manifestation of this influence in the seedling stage is lacking, especially in small-scale plots.Our research utilized structural equation models parameterized using data from a subtropical monsoon broad-leaved evergreen forest situated in Yunnan Province, China.We noted that seedlings included plants that utilized both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. More seedling plots with the relatively higher species diversity were the product of the mixed mycorrhizal strategy, meaning the coexistence of AM and EM seedlings in a small-scale plot rather than the dominance of one type of strategies. These mixed communities were primarily found on slopes and mountain ridges. The abundance of AM or EM trees indirectly affected seedling diversity by influencing the abundance of different mycorrhizal seedlings. In this case, the diversity of the mixed mycorrhizal community was also restricted by the level of leaf thickness in the community, followed by abiotic factors such as elevation, convexity, soil pH and soil available phosphorus.The effect of leaf thickness on mycorrhizal seedling abundance reflected the importance of water conditions in shaping seedling communities. The effect of convexity on seedling diversity also reflected the limitation of seedling communities by the distribution of humidity and heat conditions during topographic change. The results suggested that it is crucial to preserve seedling diversity via the mixed mycorrhizal strategy of communities in the subtropical forest.
{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plants together shape seedling diversity in a subtropical forest","authors":"Zhaoquan Chen, Wande Liu, X. Lang, Minghui Wang, Jiao Liu, Chonghua Xu","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1304897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1304897","url":null,"abstract":"Burgeoning mycorrhizal research has focused on identifying the various diverse mycorrhizal strategies of forest communities. Mounting evidence suggests that mycorrhizae play important roles in regulating forest community structure and composition. However, research into the manifestation of this influence in the seedling stage is lacking, especially in small-scale plots.Our research utilized structural equation models parameterized using data from a subtropical monsoon broad-leaved evergreen forest situated in Yunnan Province, China.We noted that seedlings included plants that utilized both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. More seedling plots with the relatively higher species diversity were the product of the mixed mycorrhizal strategy, meaning the coexistence of AM and EM seedlings in a small-scale plot rather than the dominance of one type of strategies. These mixed communities were primarily found on slopes and mountain ridges. The abundance of AM or EM trees indirectly affected seedling diversity by influencing the abundance of different mycorrhizal seedlings. In this case, the diversity of the mixed mycorrhizal community was also restricted by the level of leaf thickness in the community, followed by abiotic factors such as elevation, convexity, soil pH and soil available phosphorus.The effect of leaf thickness on mycorrhizal seedling abundance reflected the importance of water conditions in shaping seedling communities. The effect of convexity on seedling diversity also reflected the limitation of seedling communities by the distribution of humidity and heat conditions during topographic change. The results suggested that it is crucial to preserve seedling diversity via the mixed mycorrhizal strategy of communities in the subtropical forest.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"10 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139438043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1214911
B. Finegan, Diego Delgado, Alba Lorena Hernández Gordillo, Nelson Zamora Villalobos, Rafael Núñez Florez, Fabio Díaz Santos, Sergio José Vílchez Mendoza
Tropical mountain rain forests (TMRF, natural forests at > 300 m asl) are globally important for biodiversity and ecosystem services and are believed to be highly vulnerable to climate change. But there are no specific approaches for rigorous assessment of their vulnerability at the landscape and local scales necessary for management for adaptation. We address the challenge of evaluating the ecological sensitivity to temperature of TMRF, applying a multidimensional approach in protected areas over a 440–2,950 m asl altitudinal gradient in Costa Rica, synthesizing results of a long-term research programme (2012-present). We evaluate the sensitivity to the current spatial temperature gradient of eleven ecosystem properties in three categories: forest composition and diversity, thermal characteristics of forest stands and forest structure and dynamics.Data are from 29 to 32 plots of 50 m x 50 m (0.25 ha) distributed over the gradient, in which all trees, palms and tree ferns ≥ 10 dbh are identified to species and measured for recruitment, growth and mortality. An experimental study of leaf litter decomposition rates was carried out in twelve plots. Current and future (SSP 585, 2070) values of mean annual temperatures MAT were obtained from online climate surfaces. Thermal characteristics of forest stands were determined using MATs of species occurrences in GBIF and include a new index, the Community Thermal Capital Index (CTCI), calculated as CTI-MAT.We classified degrees of sensitivity to temperature as very weak, weak, moderate or substantial. All eleven ecosystem properties are substantially sensitive, so changes in their values are expected under rising temperatures. Species density, the community temperature index CTI, tree recruitment and mortality rates and leaf litter decomposition rates are positively related to temperature, while the community weighted mean thermal niche breadth, the CTCI, net basal area increments, stand basal area and carbon in aboveground biomass are negatively related. Results point to zones of vulnerability in the protected areas.In montane forests, positive values of the CTCI–climate credit– robust basal area growth and very low mortality and leaf litter decomposition rates suggest healthy ecosystems and no risk of mountaintop extinction. Lowland forests may be vulnerable to degradation and biotic attrition, showing current basal area loss, high mortality and climate debts. National and local actors are participating in a process of adoption of the sensitivity analysis and recommendations regarding zones of vulnerability.
{"title":"Multi-dimensional temperature sensitivity of protected tropical mountain rain forests","authors":"B. Finegan, Diego Delgado, Alba Lorena Hernández Gordillo, Nelson Zamora Villalobos, Rafael Núñez Florez, Fabio Díaz Santos, Sergio José Vílchez Mendoza","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1214911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1214911","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical mountain rain forests (TMRF, natural forests at > 300 m asl) are globally important for biodiversity and ecosystem services and are believed to be highly vulnerable to climate change. But there are no specific approaches for rigorous assessment of their vulnerability at the landscape and local scales necessary for management for adaptation. We address the challenge of evaluating the ecological sensitivity to temperature of TMRF, applying a multidimensional approach in protected areas over a 440–2,950 m asl altitudinal gradient in Costa Rica, synthesizing results of a long-term research programme (2012-present). We evaluate the sensitivity to the current spatial temperature gradient of eleven ecosystem properties in three categories: forest composition and diversity, thermal characteristics of forest stands and forest structure and dynamics.Data are from 29 to 32 plots of 50 m x 50 m (0.25 ha) distributed over the gradient, in which all trees, palms and tree ferns ≥ 10 dbh are identified to species and measured for recruitment, growth and mortality. An experimental study of leaf litter decomposition rates was carried out in twelve plots. Current and future (SSP 585, 2070) values of mean annual temperatures MAT were obtained from online climate surfaces. Thermal characteristics of forest stands were determined using MATs of species occurrences in GBIF and include a new index, the Community Thermal Capital Index (CTCI), calculated as CTI-MAT.We classified degrees of sensitivity to temperature as very weak, weak, moderate or substantial. All eleven ecosystem properties are substantially sensitive, so changes in their values are expected under rising temperatures. Species density, the community temperature index CTI, tree recruitment and mortality rates and leaf litter decomposition rates are positively related to temperature, while the community weighted mean thermal niche breadth, the CTCI, net basal area increments, stand basal area and carbon in aboveground biomass are negatively related. Results point to zones of vulnerability in the protected areas.In montane forests, positive values of the CTCI–climate credit– robust basal area growth and very low mortality and leaf litter decomposition rates suggest healthy ecosystems and no risk of mountaintop extinction. Lowland forests may be vulnerable to degradation and biotic attrition, showing current basal area loss, high mortality and climate debts. National and local actors are participating in a process of adoption of the sensitivity analysis and recommendations regarding zones of vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1350375
Leonel López-Toledo, David A. Prieto‐Torres, Fernanda De Vasconcellos Barros, Natasha Ribeiro, R. T. Pennington
{"title":"Editorial: Seasonally dry tropical forests: new insights for their knowledge and conservation","authors":"Leonel López-Toledo, David A. Prieto‐Torres, Fernanda De Vasconcellos Barros, Natasha Ribeiro, R. T. Pennington","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1350375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1350375","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"54 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1333868
Tao Wang, Lingbo Dong, Zhaogang Liu
Forests play a pivotal role within the global carbon cycle. However, how to enhance carbon storage in existing forests remains unclear.In this study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of data from 2,948 forest sites across China. Utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM), we investigate the intricate relationship between climate, tree species diversity, stand structure, function traits, initial biomass carbon stocks (BCi), soil organic carbon stocks (Soil C content), and carbon accumulation in biomass (ΔBC) and soil organic carbon stocks (ΔSOC) within both natural forests (NF, n = 1,910) and planted forests (PF, n = 1,038).Our findings underscore the critical influence of tree species diversity and stand structure drivers of both direct and indirect carbon accumulation, with distinct drivers emerging based on the carbon pools in NF and PF. Specifically, increasing tree species diversity from its minimum to maximum value through management-results in a 14.798 tC/ha reduction in BC and 0.686 tC/ha in SOC in NF. Conversely, amplifies BC and SOC in PF by 0.338 tC/ha and 0.065 tC/ha, respectively. Enhancing stand structure-such as stand density-results in a 231.727 tC/ha reduction in BC and SOC in NF, and a 10.668 tC/ha in BC and 64.008 tC/ha increment in SOC in PF.Overall, our results indicate that higher tree species diversity, stand density and age-group limits further carbon accumulation in BC and SOC in current NF. In contrast, low tree species diversity and stand density limits the development of carbon storage potential in planted forests. To enhance carbon sequestration capacity, China should change its current policy of completely banning logging of natural forests. Natural forests need thinning and reduced tree species diversity, while planted forests should increase tree species diversity and stand density.
森林在全球碳循环中发挥着举足轻重的作用。在本研究中，我们对来自中国 2,948 个林地的数据进行了综合分析。利用结构方程模型（SEM），我们研究了天然林（NF，n = 1,910 个）和人工林（PF，n = 1,038 个）中气候、树种多样性、林分结构、功能性状、初始生物量碳储量（BCi）、土壤有机碳储量（Soil C content）、生物量碳储量（ΔBC）和土壤有机碳储量（ΔSOC）之间错综复杂的关系。我们的研究结果强调了树种多样性和林分结构对直接和间接碳积累的重要影响，并根据天然林和人工林的碳库得出了不同的驱动因素。具体而言，通过管理将树种多样性从最低值提高到最高值--会导致 NF 的 BC 和 SOC 分别减少 14.798 吨碳/公顷和 0.686 吨碳/公顷。相反，PF 的 BC 和 SOC 分别增加了 0.338 吨碳/公顷和 0.065 吨碳/公顷。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，较高的树种多样性、林分密度和树龄组限制了当前NF中BC和SOC的进一步碳积累。与此相反，低树种多样性和林分密度限制了人工林碳储存潜力的发展。为提高固碳能力，中国应改变目前完全禁止采伐天然林的政策。天然林需要疏伐并减少树种多样性，而人工林则应增加树种多样性和林分密度。
{"title":"Factors driving carbon accumulation in forest biomass and soil organic carbon across natural forests and planted forests in China","authors":"Tao Wang, Lingbo Dong, Zhaogang Liu","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1333868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1333868","url":null,"abstract":"Forests play a pivotal role within the global carbon cycle. However, how to enhance carbon storage in existing forests remains unclear.In this study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of data from 2,948 forest sites across China. Utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM), we investigate the intricate relationship between climate, tree species diversity, stand structure, function traits, initial biomass carbon stocks (BCi), soil organic carbon stocks (Soil C content), and carbon accumulation in biomass (ΔBC) and soil organic carbon stocks (ΔSOC) within both natural forests (NF, n = 1,910) and planted forests (PF, n = 1,038).Our findings underscore the critical influence of tree species diversity and stand structure drivers of both direct and indirect carbon accumulation, with distinct drivers emerging based on the carbon pools in NF and PF. Specifically, increasing tree species diversity from its minimum to maximum value through management-results in a 14.798 tC/ha reduction in BC and 0.686 tC/ha in SOC in NF. Conversely, amplifies BC and SOC in PF by 0.338 tC/ha and 0.065 tC/ha, respectively. Enhancing stand structure-such as stand density-results in a 231.727 tC/ha reduction in BC and SOC in NF, and a 10.668 tC/ha in BC and 64.008 tC/ha increment in SOC in PF.Overall, our results indicate that higher tree species diversity, stand density and age-group limits further carbon accumulation in BC and SOC in current NF. In contrast, low tree species diversity and stand density limits the development of carbon storage potential in planted forests. To enhance carbon sequestration capacity, China should change its current policy of completely banning logging of natural forests. Natural forests need thinning and reduced tree species diversity, while planted forests should increase tree species diversity and stand density.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"34 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revealing the spatial distribution pattern and formation mechanism of species in a community can provide important clues for community renewal, succession, and diversity maintenance mechanisms.In this study, we employed spatial point process modeling to identify and quantify the processes contributing to the spatial distribution of species. Simultaneously, we explored the relationship between functional traits and species spatial distribution characteristics in conjunction with phylogenetic studies.The results revealed that the LGCP model effectively described all species, indicating that the spatial pattern of species may be influenced by a combination of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation. Disparities in species spatial distribution were elucidated by characterizing functional traits, such as body size and resource conservation. Incorporating phylogenetic information enhanced the predictive capacity of functional traits in explaining species spatial distribution.This study underscores the significance of the joint effects of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation in generating species spatial distribution patterns. Integrating spatial point process models with considerations of functional traits and phylogeny proves to be an effective approach for comprehending the mechanisms governing species combinations.
{"title":"Functional traits and phylogeny jointly regulate the effects of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation on species spatial distribution","authors":"Minghui Wang, Wande Liu, Zhaoquan Chen, Shuaifeng Li, Xiaobo Huang, Zihan Hu, Ruiguang Shang","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1339726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1339726","url":null,"abstract":"Revealing the spatial distribution pattern and formation mechanism of species in a community can provide important clues for community renewal, succession, and diversity maintenance mechanisms.In this study, we employed spatial point process modeling to identify and quantify the processes contributing to the spatial distribution of species. Simultaneously, we explored the relationship between functional traits and species spatial distribution characteristics in conjunction with phylogenetic studies.The results revealed that the LGCP model effectively described all species, indicating that the spatial pattern of species may be influenced by a combination of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation. Disparities in species spatial distribution were elucidated by characterizing functional traits, such as body size and resource conservation. Incorporating phylogenetic information enhanced the predictive capacity of functional traits in explaining species spatial distribution.This study underscores the significance of the joint effects of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation in generating species spatial distribution patterns. Integrating spatial point process models with considerations of functional traits and phylogeny proves to be an effective approach for comprehending the mechanisms governing species combinations.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"56 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1252587
Chenqin Lian, Chi-wei Xiao, Zhiming Feng, Qin Ma
Global wildfires have increased in frequency and intensity, especially in temperate regions, in the context of global warming. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics of wildfire frequency and intensity are still not well understood. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6 (C6) wildfire products during 2003–2022, here, we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns and evolutionary characteristics of the frequency and intensity of wildfires in China. The main conclusions are: (1) Over the past 20 years, the wildfire frequency and fire radiative power (FRP) have declined at rates of –1920/year (p < 0.001) and –76492 MW/year (p < 0.001), respectively, showing a highly significant downward trend, with declines of up to 63 and 81%. (2) Wildfires in China show a single peak pattern of high incidence in winter and spring, with the most frequent in March, followed by February and April. (3) The overall spatial distribution of wildfires in China is characterized by a bimodal distribution, with more in the south and less in the north. Wildfires are most abundant but less intense in the southern region(SR), fewer but most intense in the northeastern region(NER), and significantly influenced by El Niño in the southwestern region(SWR), with significant regional differences in wildfires in China. (4) The average FRP of wildfire spots presented a decreasing trend from 47 MW/spot in 2003 to only 25 MW/spot in 2022. This may be due to more dispersed wildfires, rather than concentrated wildfires. (5) The frequency and FRP of wildfires showed an overall negative correlation with the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Drought events (negative SPEI) have a significant effect on wildfires, especially in SR. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of current fire suppression policies in China in terms of disaster prevention and mitigation, and further provides data to further explore and analyze the impact of wildfires on the regional environment.
{"title":"Accelerating decline of wildfires in China in the 21st century","authors":"Chenqin Lian, Chi-wei Xiao, Zhiming Feng, Qin Ma","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1252587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1252587","url":null,"abstract":"Global wildfires have increased in frequency and intensity, especially in temperate regions, in the context of global warming. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics of wildfire frequency and intensity are still not well understood. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6 (C6) wildfire products during 2003–2022, here, we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns and evolutionary characteristics of the frequency and intensity of wildfires in China. The main conclusions are: (1) Over the past 20 years, the wildfire frequency and fire radiative power (FRP) have declined at rates of –1920/year (p < 0.001) and –76492 MW/year (p < 0.001), respectively, showing a highly significant downward trend, with declines of up to 63 and 81%. (2) Wildfires in China show a single peak pattern of high incidence in winter and spring, with the most frequent in March, followed by February and April. (3) The overall spatial distribution of wildfires in China is characterized by a bimodal distribution, with more in the south and less in the north. Wildfires are most abundant but less intense in the southern region(SR), fewer but most intense in the northeastern region(NER), and significantly influenced by El Niño in the southwestern region(SWR), with significant regional differences in wildfires in China. (4) The average FRP of wildfire spots presented a decreasing trend from 47 MW/spot in 2003 to only 25 MW/spot in 2022. This may be due to more dispersed wildfires, rather than concentrated wildfires. (5) The frequency and FRP of wildfires showed an overall negative correlation with the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Drought events (negative SPEI) have a significant effect on wildfires, especially in SR. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of current fire suppression policies in China in terms of disaster prevention and mitigation, and further provides data to further explore and analyze the impact of wildfires on the regional environment.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1277323
Huazhen Sun, Feifei Yang, Weifeng Guo
The implementation of the litter behavior initiative aims to mitigate the generation of litter by hikers within the hiking trails of China’s national park. The present study employed the extended norm activation model (NAM) to examine the determinants of hikers’ intention to engage in litter behavior within the context of Wuyishan national park. This analysis incorporated three supplementary explanatory variables, namely environmental knowledge, connectedness to nature, and pro-environmental behavior in everyday life. Additionally, three control variables were included, namely gender, age, and education. A survey was conducted by researchers at Wuyishan national park, with a sample size of 466 hikers. The data obtained from the survey was analyzed using the statistical technique known as structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that the NAM effectively captured hikers’ litter behavior in national parks. Factors such as hikers’ awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, personal norm, environmental knowledge, connectedness to nature, and pro-environmental behavior in everyday life were found to significantly influence hikers’ intention to engage in litter behavior. The influence of age on hikers’ intention was shown to be significant and positive, suggesting that older hikers exhibited a greater willingness to engage in litter behavior compared to younger hikers. In conclusion, the study provided practical recommendations for improving the management of hiker trash and promoting sustainable development inside national parks.
{"title":"Factors influencing hikers’ litter behavior in national park in China","authors":"Huazhen Sun, Feifei Yang, Weifeng Guo","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1277323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1277323","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of the litter behavior initiative aims to mitigate the generation of litter by hikers within the hiking trails of China’s national park. The present study employed the extended norm activation model (NAM) to examine the determinants of hikers’ intention to engage in litter behavior within the context of Wuyishan national park. This analysis incorporated three supplementary explanatory variables, namely environmental knowledge, connectedness to nature, and pro-environmental behavior in everyday life. Additionally, three control variables were included, namely gender, age, and education. A survey was conducted by researchers at Wuyishan national park, with a sample size of 466 hikers. The data obtained from the survey was analyzed using the statistical technique known as structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that the NAM effectively captured hikers’ litter behavior in national parks. Factors such as hikers’ awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, personal norm, environmental knowledge, connectedness to nature, and pro-environmental behavior in everyday life were found to significantly influence hikers’ intention to engage in litter behavior. The influence of age on hikers’ intention was shown to be significant and positive, suggesting that older hikers exhibited a greater willingness to engage in litter behavior compared to younger hikers. In conclusion, the study provided practical recommendations for improving the management of hiker trash and promoting sustainable development inside national parks.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"46 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1326929
Flavius Bălăcenoiu, C. Netoiu, D. Toma, I. Petrițan
Forest ecosystems provide invaluable ecological, economic, and social benefits, making them essential for global well-being. However, these ecosystems face various threats, including biological invasions by alien species. Among these, the oak lace bug (OLB), an invasive North American insect, has rapidly spread in Europe, impacting oak forests and raising concerns about its adaptation to new environments. OLB feeds on the undersides of oak leaves, extracting sap and causing chlorotic discoloration. Severe infestations lead to premature defoliation, increased susceptibility to diseases or pests and can also result in a substantial reduction in photosynthesis activity. This study aims to analyse OLB’s invasive behaviour in Romanian forest ecosystems, with a specific focus on the differences between thermophilous and mesophilous oak forests. The analysis covers 6 years of data and reveals critical insights. In the initial 4 years, OLB predominantly inhabited the extracarpathian regions of Romania, with concentrated presence in the southern, western, and northwestern areas. Forest ecosystems mainly affected between 2017 and 2020 were characterized by thermophilous oak forests in southern and western regions. However, in the last 2 years (2021–2022), OLB presence increased, particularly in lowland ecosystems, albeit with reduced damage intensity. The analysis also unveiled an adaptation and expansion of OLB in mesophilous forest ecosystems. Climatic factors, specifically temperature and precipitation, significantly influenced OLB’s behaviour, points with severe attacks exhibiting specific climatic conditions. In summary, this study provides crucial insights into OLB’s behaviour, emphasizing the role of climatic and environmental factors in its invasive tendencies.
{"title":"Invasive behaviour of oak lace bug in forest ecosystems: a comparative analysis between thermophilous and mesophilous oak forests","authors":"Flavius Bălăcenoiu, C. Netoiu, D. Toma, I. Petrițan","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1326929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1326929","url":null,"abstract":"Forest ecosystems provide invaluable ecological, economic, and social benefits, making them essential for global well-being. However, these ecosystems face various threats, including biological invasions by alien species. Among these, the oak lace bug (OLB), an invasive North American insect, has rapidly spread in Europe, impacting oak forests and raising concerns about its adaptation to new environments. OLB feeds on the undersides of oak leaves, extracting sap and causing chlorotic discoloration. Severe infestations lead to premature defoliation, increased susceptibility to diseases or pests and can also result in a substantial reduction in photosynthesis activity. This study aims to analyse OLB’s invasive behaviour in Romanian forest ecosystems, with a specific focus on the differences between thermophilous and mesophilous oak forests. The analysis covers 6 years of data and reveals critical insights. In the initial 4 years, OLB predominantly inhabited the extracarpathian regions of Romania, with concentrated presence in the southern, western, and northwestern areas. Forest ecosystems mainly affected between 2017 and 2020 were characterized by thermophilous oak forests in southern and western regions. However, in the last 2 years (2021–2022), OLB presence increased, particularly in lowland ecosystems, albeit with reduced damage intensity. The analysis also unveiled an adaptation and expansion of OLB in mesophilous forest ecosystems. Climatic factors, specifically temperature and precipitation, significantly influenced OLB’s behaviour, points with severe attacks exhibiting specific climatic conditions. In summary, this study provides crucial insights into OLB’s behaviour, emphasizing the role of climatic and environmental factors in its invasive tendencies.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"60 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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