P. K. Pandey, Y. K. Joshi, M. K. Khan, M. A. Iqbal, S. G. Ganpule
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The ballistic response of the head surrogate was evaluated in terms of ballistic limit velocities (V<sub>50</sub>), energies (E<sub>50</sub>), energy densities (E<sub>50</sub>/A) required for the penetration, and associated failure mechanisms in various layers of the head surrogate.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The head surrogate was prepared by stacking rectangle cross-sectioned skin, skull, and brain simulants. Chisel-nosed fragment simulating projectiles (FSPs) of 1.10-g and 2.79-g were impacted on the head surrogate using a pneumatic gas gun setup.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>V<sub>50</sub> and E<sub>50</sub>/A of the 2.79-g FSP were lower by ~ 50% than the 1.10-g FSP. The skin simulant failed by the combination of shearing and elastic hole enlargement. The skull simulant failed by a conoid fracture. In penetration cases, the FSP broke the fractured conoid of the skull simulant in smaller pieces and penetrated into the brain simulant. Interestingly, for the cases of non-penetration into the brain simulant, the brain simulant was damaged due to the moving conoid of the skull simulant.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results demonstrated that V<sub>50</sub> and E<sub>50</sub>/A were influenced by the size of the FSP. For the investigated fragments, 15–25 J of energy was sufficient to cause various degrees of penetration into the brain simulant. All three layers of the head surrogate failed by distinguished mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Experimental Investigation of the Ballistic Response of Head Surrogate Against Fragment Simulating Projectiles\",\"authors\":\"P. K. Pandey, Y. K. Joshi, M. K. Khan, M. A. Iqbal, S. G. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景在战术战争中,碎片造成的穿透性战斗伤害令人担忧。爆炸装置产生的碎片可对包括头部在内的多个器官造成致命穿透。目标通过实验研究开放形状的头部替代模型对碎片冲击的弹道响应。我们假设头部替代物对小型碎片撞击的响应与大型射弹的响应不同。我们从弹道极限速度 (V50)、能量 (E50)、穿透所需的能量密度 (E50/A) 以及头部代型各层的相关破坏机制等方面对头部代型的弹道响应进行了评估。使用气动气枪装置将 1.10 g 和 2.79 g 的凿鼻式碎片模拟射弹(FSP)撞击到头部假体上。结果 2.79 g FSP 的 V50 和 E50/A 比 1.10 g FSP 低约 50%。皮肤模拟物在剪切和弹性孔扩大的共同作用下失效。头骨模拟物因圆锥体断裂而失效。在穿透的情况下,FSP 将头骨模拟物断裂的圆锥体破碎成小块,并穿透到大脑模拟物中。结果表明,V50 和 E50/A 受 FSP 大小的影响。对于所研究的碎片,15-25 J 的能量足以造成不同程度的穿透脑模拟物。头部模拟物的所有三层均以不同的机制失效。
Experimental Investigation of the Ballistic Response of Head Surrogate Against Fragment Simulating Projectiles
Background
Penetrating combat injuries by fragments are of concern during tactical warfare. The fragments generated from the explosive devices can cause lethal penetration in various organs, including the head. The response of the head against fragment impact is unknown.
Objective
To experimentally investigate the ballistic response of an open-shape head surrogate model against fragment impact. We hypothesize that the response of the head surrogate to the impact of small fragments is different than that of larger projectiles. The ballistic response of the head surrogate was evaluated in terms of ballistic limit velocities (V50), energies (E50), energy densities (E50/A) required for the penetration, and associated failure mechanisms in various layers of the head surrogate.
Methods
The head surrogate was prepared by stacking rectangle cross-sectioned skin, skull, and brain simulants. Chisel-nosed fragment simulating projectiles (FSPs) of 1.10-g and 2.79-g were impacted on the head surrogate using a pneumatic gas gun setup.
Results
V50 and E50/A of the 2.79-g FSP were lower by ~ 50% than the 1.10-g FSP. The skin simulant failed by the combination of shearing and elastic hole enlargement. The skull simulant failed by a conoid fracture. In penetration cases, the FSP broke the fractured conoid of the skull simulant in smaller pieces and penetrated into the brain simulant. Interestingly, for the cases of non-penetration into the brain simulant, the brain simulant was damaged due to the moving conoid of the skull simulant.
Conclusion
The results demonstrated that V50 and E50/A were influenced by the size of the FSP. For the investigated fragments, 15–25 J of energy was sufficient to cause various degrees of penetration into the brain simulant. All three layers of the head surrogate failed by distinguished mechanisms.
期刊介绍:
Experimental Mechanics is the official journal of the Society for Experimental Mechanics that publishes papers in all areas of experimentation including its theoretical and computational analysis. The journal covers research in design and implementation of novel or improved experiments to characterize materials, structures and systems. Articles extending the frontiers of experimental mechanics at large and small scales are particularly welcome.
Coverage extends from research in solid and fluids mechanics to fields at the intersection of disciplines including physics, chemistry and biology. Development of new devices and technologies for metrology applications in a wide range of industrial sectors (e.g., manufacturing, high-performance materials, aerospace, information technology, medicine, energy and environmental technologies) is also covered.