从心理学角度看国际关系:国家认同面临的安全威胁

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摘要

本文分析了哥本哈根政治思想学派的证券化概念,同时界定了证券化在研究国家认同问题中的效用。随着世界政治变得更加人性化,这一研究途径在建构主义方法中获得了牵引力。然而,作者强调,所讨论的方法是有限的。它并没有解释为什么证券化参与者(一个有影响力的政治家)会选择某种特定的行为模式和各自的安全场景。同样重要的是,他们试图说服存在威胁的受众在分析框架内被高度忽视。然而,正是这些受众关心的是保持国家身份,并影响证券化参与者所做的决定。鉴于身份的跨学科性质,填补现有理论和概念真空的一种方法是转向心理学。这将允许借用额外的条款来解释为什么恐惧会在提供本体论安全的背景下出现,以及它在应对威胁中扮演什么角色。
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Международные отношения в терминах психологии: секьюритизация угроз национальной идентичности
The article analyzes the concept of securitisation by the Copenhagen school of political thought, while defining its utility in studying issues of national identity. This research avenue is gaining traction within the constructivist approach as world politics has become more human. Yet, the author stresses that the methodology in question is limited. It does not explain why the securitising actor, which is an influential politician, chooses some certain behavioural model and a respective security scenario. It is also important that the audience, which they try to persuade that a threat exists, is highly overlooked within the analytical framework. However, this very audience is concerned about preserving national identity and influences decisions taken by the securitising actor. Given the interdisciplinary nature of identity, one way to fill the existing theoretical and conceptual vacuum is to turn to psychology. This would allow borrowing additional provisions that explain why fear emerges in the context of providing ontological security and what role it plays in tackling threats.
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