气候变化对意大利阿尔卑斯山防护林的影响对比

IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI:10.3389/ffgc.2023.1240235
Laurin Hillebrand, Sebastian Marzini, Alice Crespi, Ulrike Hiltner, Marco Mina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

防护林在保护居民区、居民和基础设施免受山崩和雪崩等重力危害方面发挥着关键作用。快速的气候变化通过改变森林的动态、结构和组成,正在挑战森林保护林的作用。关于气候变化对保护林的地方和区域影响的信息对于森林管理的适应规划至关重要。利用森林动态模型(ForClim)对未来气候变化情景下东阿尔卑斯山地森林的演替及其保护作用进行了评估。我们在一个行政区域内的多个地点,沿着海拔梯度调查了11个具有代表性的森林样地,涵盖了树种结构、组成、海拔和暴露的广泛差异。我们使用数值指标(即链接函数)对模拟森林结构和组成指标的保护程度进行量化,以评估对岩崩和雪崩的保护性能。我们的研究结果表明,气候变暖对东阿尔卑斯山山林的保护作用有不同的影响。气候变化可能不会对所有的保护林分产生负面影响,但其影响取决于立地和林分条件。影响很大程度上取决于气候变暖的程度,在最严重的气候预测下,影响的临界程度越来越高。低海拔山区的森林和位于干燥大陆山谷的森林由于干旱引起的死亡,森林结构和组成发生了剧烈变化,而亚高山森林主要受益于气温上升和植被期延长。总体而言,气候变化可能会对雪崩防护产生负面影响,而森林维持岩崩防护的能力取决于预期气候变化的严重程度及其由于海拔和地形的脆弱性,大多数亚高山森林不太容易失去保护作用。在不久的将来,应采取积极的管理措施,以避免在阿尔卑斯山严重气候变化的情况下失去保护作用。考虑到气候变暖的异质性影响,这种适应可以通过基于模式的预测和高地方分辨率的研究来辅助,以确定可能需要优先管理的林分类型,以便在未来保持保护作用。
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Contrasting impacts of climate change on protection forests of the Italian Alps
Protection forests play a key role in protecting settlements, people, and infrastructures from gravitational hazards such as rockfalls and avalanches in mountain areas. Rapid climate change is challenging the role of protection forests by altering their dynamics, structure, and composition. Information on local- and regional-scale impacts of climate change on protection forests is critical for planning adaptations in forest management. We used a model of forest dynamics (ForClim) to assess the succession of mountain forests in the Eastern Alps and their protective effects under future climate change scenarios. We investigated eleven representative forest sites along an elevational gradient across multiple locations within an administrative region, covering wide differences in tree species structure, composition, altitude, and exposition. We evaluated protective performance against rockfall and avalanches using numerical indices (i.e., linker functions) quantifying the degree of protection from metrics of simulated forest structure and composition. Our findings reveal that climate warming has a contrasting impact on protective effects in mountain forests of the Eastern Alps. Climate change is likely to not affect negatively all protection forest stands but its impact depends on site and stand conditions. Impacts were highly contingent to the magnitude of climate warming, with increasing criticality under the most severe climate projections. Forests in lower-montane elevations and those located in dry continental valleys showed drastic changes in forest structure and composition due to drought-induced mortality while subalpine forests mostly profited from rising temperatures and a longer vegetation period. Overall, avalanche protection will likely be negatively affected by climate change, while the ability of forests to maintain rockfall protection depends on the severity of expected climate change and their vulnerability due to elevation and topography, with most subalpine forests less prone to loosing protective effects. Proactive measures in management should be taken in the near future to avoid losses of protective effects in the case of severe climate change in the Alps. Given the heterogeneous impact of climate warming, such adaptations can be aided by model-based projections and high local resolution studies to identify forest stand types that might require management priority for maintaining protective effects in the future.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
6.20%
发文量
256
审稿时长
12 weeks
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