马其顿共和国独立--国际承认的十年(1991--2001 年)

Q4 Arts and Humanities Historijski pogledi Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI:10.52259/historijskipogledi.2023.6.10.423
Mariyana Stamova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

80 年代末和 90 年代初,多民族的南斯拉夫联盟解体,对独立的马其顿国家的组建过程 产生了重大影响。在这些年里,南斯拉夫联盟经历了从共产党联盟的一党统治向建立多元化多党政治制度的过渡。在马其顿社会主义共和国创建新政党的可能性合法化之后,出现了各种党派和协会,为共和国的政治生活带来了极大的多样性,并为其政党多元化奠定了基础。这些政党的分组基于对南斯拉夫未来发展的态度,分为 "亲南斯拉夫 "党和 "民族 "党。除马其顿民族党派外,马其顿共和国还成立了以民族和种族宗教为基础的政党和协会。马其顿共和国在宣布独立的同时,特别是在南斯拉夫解体后,就开始面临困难。因此,90 年代初,在多民族联邦解体以及斯洛文尼亚和克罗地亚等一些共和国宣布独立之后,马其顿共和国在自己的国家面临着严重的问题。对内--国家的最终独立和从南斯拉夫人民军手中获得解放,对外--国际承认。20 世纪的最后十年主要与马其顿共和国获得国际承认有关,而在 21 世纪的第一个十年,马其顿共和国面临着严重的国际问题,主要是国内马其顿族和阿尔巴尼亚族之间的对抗,以及进一步加入欧洲-大西洋结构--欧盟和北约--的窘境和步骤。
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Osnivanje nezavisne Republike Makedonije – Decenija meðunarodnog priznanja (1991–2001)
The process of the disintegration of the multinational Yugoslav federation at the end of the 80s and the beginning of the 90s had a strong impact on the process of the constitution of an independent Macedonian state. In those years, the Yugoslav Federation underwent a transition from the one-party rule of the Union of Communists to the establishment of a pluralistic multi-party political system. After the legalization of the possibility to create new political parties in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, various parties and associations emerged, which brought great diversity to the political life of the republic and laid the foundations of party pluralism in it. The grouping of the parties is based on the attitude towards the future development of Yugoslavia, which divides them into “pro-Yugoslav” and “national”. Along with the Macedonian national parties, political parties and associations on a national and ethno-religious basis are being created in the SR Macedonia. The difficulties in the Republic of Macedonia started parallel to the process of declaring its independence and especially after the breakup of Yugoslavia. Thus, in the early 90s, after the collapse of the multinational federation and the declaration of independence of some of its republics, such as Slovenia and Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia faced serious problems in its own state. Internally - the final independence of the state and liberation from the Yugoslav People's Army, and externally - its international recognition. And while the last decade of the 20th century was mainly related to the international recognition of the Republic of Macedonia, the first decade of the 21st century saw the country face serious international problems and confrontations mainly between the Macedonian and Albanian ethnic groups in the country, as well as the dilemma of further and steps towards membership in the Euro-Atlantic structures - in the EU and NATO.
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来源期刊
Historijski pogledi
Historijski pogledi Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
0.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
46
审稿时长
20 weeks
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