高山区地貌过程链——自然灾害评价与分类方法综述

IF 25.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Reviews of Geophysics Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI:10.1029/2022RG000791
Peter Mani, Simon Allen, Stephen G. Evans, Jeffrey S. Kargel, Martin Mergili, Dmitry Petrakov, Markus Stoffel
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引用次数: 1

摘要

高山地区的人口和基础设施面临各种自然灾害,其频率、规模和地点对气候变化极为敏感。在几种危害可能同时发生或一个事件的发生将改变另一个事件的处置的情况下,评估需要考虑复杂的过程链。虽然流程链被广泛认为是一个主要威胁,但迄今为止还没有进行系统的分析。因此,我们建立了对直接触发或改变链中后续事件处置的因素的新理解,并得出了一种新的分类方案和参数来帮助自然灾害评估。高山过程链通常与冰川退缩或永久冻土退化有关。区域差异存在于排序的性质和速度上——一些过程链几乎是瞬时的,而另一些则是延迟的。涉及快速序列的工艺链很难预测,其影响往往是毁灭性的。我们证明了过程链最常被渐进的失败所触发,这是逐渐的景观弱化的结果,而不是由于一个独特过程的发生。如果河流过程是过程链的一部分,则过程链的范围(或流动性)增加。如果河道沿岸的沉积物沉积区被激活,流动性也会增加。由于气候变化导致冰川环境转变为富含沉积物的副冰川和河流景观,预计未来过程链的流动性将增加。
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Geomorphic Process Chains in High-Mountain Regions—A Review and Classification Approach for Natural Hazards Assessment

Populations and infrastructure in high mountain regions are exposed to a wide range of natural hazards, the frequency, magnitude, and location of which are extremely sensitive to climate change. In cases where several hazards can occur simultaneously or where the occurrence of one event will change the disposition of another, assessments need to account for complex process chains. While process chains are widely recognized as a major threat, no systematic analysis has hitherto been undertaken. We therefore establish new understanding on the factors that directly trigger or alter the disposition for subsequent events in the chain and derive a novel classification scheme and parameters to aid natural hazard assessment. Process chains in high mountains are commonly associated with glacier retreat or permafrost degradation. Regional differences exist in the nature and rate of sequencing—some process chains are almost instantaneous, while other linkages are delayed. Process chains involving rapid sequences are difficult to predict, and impacts are often devastating. We demonstrate that process chains are triggered most frequently by progressive failures, being the result of gradual landscape weakening and not due to the occurrence of a distinct process. If fluvial processes are part of the process chain the reach (or mobility) of process chains is increased. Increased mobility can also occur if sediment deposition areas along river channels are activated. As climate changes causes glacial environments to transform into sediment-rich paraglacial and fluvial landscapes, it is expected that the mobility of process chains will increase in the future.

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来源期刊
Reviews of Geophysics
Reviews of Geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
50.30
自引率
0.80%
发文量
28
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Geophysics Reviews (ROG) offers comprehensive overviews and syntheses of current research across various domains of the Earth and space sciences. Our goal is to present accessible and engaging reviews that cater to the diverse AGU community. While authorship is typically by invitation, we warmly encourage readers and potential authors to share their suggestions with our editors.
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