A Model for Deployment of Dedicated Connected Autonomous Vehicle Lanes Considering User Fairness

—The dedicated Connected Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) lanes can avoid the interference of human-driven vehicles and create relatively safe operating conditions for CAVs. Besides, the dedicated CAV lanes can give full advantages of the connectivity and controllability to further improve the capacity of links. However, the consequent problem is unfairness among the traffic network users due to the higher priority right of CAVs in some links. This paper develops a bi-level programming model to design the CAV dedicated lanes deployment scheme considering the user fairness issue. In the lower-level model, we define the road resistance functions under various scenarios by investigating the effect of the dedicated lane on link capacity and construct the traffic assignment model which is solved by the diagonalized Frank-Wolfe method. The upper-level model aims to solve the multi-objective optimization problem that integrates user fairness and total system travel cost. The user fairness problem determines the fairness index using the Wilson entropy model, and the travel cost problem considers different users’ travel time value coefficients.