Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity Tests of the Thai Version of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire in Individuals with Chronic Foot Pain

Objective: To adapt cross-culturally and examine the reliability and validity of the Thai version of MOXFQ (Thai-MOXFQ) among individuals with chronic foot pain. Material and Methods: The Thai-MOXFQ was successfully adapted cross-culturally from the original version with minor changes according to the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) guidelines. Its reliability and construct validity were then investigated in individuals with chronic foot pain. The test-retest reliability was evaluated among 30 participants by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 3,1). Meanwhile, the internal consistency of the Thai-MOXFQ was studied in 100 participants by computing Cronbach’s alpha. Additionally, the construct validity was analyzed via Spearman’s rank correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the Thai-MOXFQ, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: The Thai-MOXFQ demonstrated a good level of test-retest reliability (ICC of 0.763 to 0.885) and an acceptable level of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.738 to 0.871) when used in individuals with chronic foot pain. Moreover, the Thai-MOXFQ was shown to have moderate to strong relationships with FAAM, SF-36, and VAS (p-value<0.05, Spearman rank correlation coefficients of 0.543 to 0.711). Furthermore, the results of the construct validity of the Thai version were in line with the original English and other translated versions. Conclusion: The Thai-MOXFQ is a reliable and valid, foot-specific, patient-reported outcome measurement (PROM) for assessing outcomes in individuals with chronic foot pain.