Meteorological Survey for a Disaster-Proof Smart Farm Design Suitable for the Northern Region and a Natural Energy Source Analysis

A meteorological survey of the northern region is conducted for a disaster-proof greenhouse design suitable for the northern region and a natural energy source analysis. According to survey results of 14 northern locations (five in North Korea, five in China, three in Mongolia, and one of Russia) over a 36-year period (1985–2020), Cheongjin in North Korea had the highest instantaneous wind speed of 42.2 m·sec-1 (2010), followed by Haeju at 35.9 m·sec-1 (2012) and Yangji in China at 34.2 m·sec-1 (2010). In the 30-year return period, North Korea's Cheongjin was highest at 36.7 m·sec-1, followed by Yangji in China at 31.8 m·sec-1, with Mongolia and Russia below 27 m·sec-1 and 30 m·sec-1, respectively. Based on the frequency of a 30-year return period, the snow depths at Hyesan in North Korea, at Yangji in China, and at Ussuriysk in Russia were 40cm in all cases. The snow depth of North Korea's Chongjin and Wonsan was 34 to 36 cm, and that of China's Shenyang and Jin was 30–32 cm, while other regions showed lower depths. The average wind power in the 14 northern regions was in the range of 2.77–4.57 m·sec-1, while China's Harbin was highest at 4.57. Harbin had the longest wind power generation time of 4,333 hours, which is 50% of 8,760 hours a year. However, the rated power of only 51 hours is considered to be economically low. Except for Hyesan and Chongjin in North Korea, and Ussuriysk in Russia, the average daily solar radiation for 36 years exceeded 4,000 w·m-2·day-1. In particular, Dalanzad in Mongolia showed the highest rate of 4,806 w·m-2·day-1. While the highest monthly solar radiation rate was 6,000 w·m-2 in North Korea and China during May and June, it was 7,000 w·m-2 in Mongolia during June and August with the longest sunshine duration in Dalanzadgad (2,836 hours per year). Integrating all of the results suggests that it is necessary to establish northern smart greenhouse models considering meteorological survey results and that it is more advantageous to use solar power than wind power as a natural energy source.