{"title":"Relationship between the Temperature Characteristics and the Occurrence of Watercore at Various Altitudes in ‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’ Apples","authors":"Soon Ki Kim, Dong Geun Choi, Young Min Choi","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"16 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135930595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pepper plant Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (Z. bungeanum) is an economically important cash crop with both nutritional and medicinal value, but low-temperatures are a major factor affecting its normal growth and quality. Measuring its physiological and biochemical parameters is essential to distinguish clues that can help agriculturists select the proper types of Z. bungeanum with considerable tolerance to low-temperature stress. This study aims to investigate the cold tolerance of different Z. bungeanum types and provide the best cultivation area. Six excellent cultivars were compared in a low-temperature environment and the membership function method was used to analyze the relevant indicators. The results revealed a significant negative correlation between the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p < 0.01), with both the SOD and peroxidase (POD) activity increasing during the early stages of exposure to low-temperature stress. The MDA and proline (Pro) contents increased with longer durations of low-temperature stress, whereas the chlorophyll (Chl) content decreased. Logistic modeling showed that the low-temperature semi-lethal temperature LT50 of leaf conductivity was from −12.7°C to 1.2°C. By means of a membership function analysis, the cold-tolerance abilities of the six cultivars of Z. bungeanum were comprehensively evaluated and were ranked as follows: ‘Xinongwuci’ and ‘Wucijiao’ are cold hardy, ‘Shaocidahongpao’ and ‘Huanggai’ are medium cold hardy, and ‘Shizitou’ and ‘Gelaowuci’ are low-temperature-sensitive cultivars. This study provides the necessary empirical basis for the selection and promotion of cold-resistant cultivars of Z. bungeanum.
{"title":"Comparative Patterns of Physiological Responses to Cold Resistance of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim","authors":"Shengyuan Liu, Xiumei Liu, Xinying Han, Huatian Wang, Ping Xu, Chunmei Zhang","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230044","url":null,"abstract":"The pepper plant Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (Z. bungeanum) is an economically important cash crop with both nutritional and medicinal value, but low-temperatures are a major factor affecting its normal growth and quality. Measuring its physiological and biochemical parameters is essential to distinguish clues that can help agriculturists select the proper types of Z. bungeanum with considerable tolerance to low-temperature stress. This study aims to investigate the cold tolerance of different Z. bungeanum types and provide the best cultivation area. Six excellent cultivars were compared in a low-temperature environment and the membership function method was used to analyze the relevant indicators. The results revealed a significant negative correlation between the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p < 0.01), with both the SOD and peroxidase (POD) activity increasing during the early stages of exposure to low-temperature stress. The MDA and proline (Pro) contents increased with longer durations of low-temperature stress, whereas the chlorophyll (Chl) content decreased. Logistic modeling showed that the low-temperature semi-lethal temperature LT50 of leaf conductivity was from −12.7°C to 1.2°C. By means of a membership function analysis, the cold-tolerance abilities of the six cultivars of Z. bungeanum were comprehensively evaluated and were ranked as follows: ‘Xinongwuci’ and ‘Wucijiao’ are cold hardy, ‘Shaocidahongpao’ and ‘Huanggai’ are medium cold hardy, and ‘Shizitou’ and ‘Gelaowuci’ are low-temperature-sensitive cultivars. This study provides the necessary empirical basis for the selection and promotion of cold-resistant cultivars of Z. bungeanum.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"13 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian-Yu Zhou, Yi Zhang, Wen-Ping Xu, Misbah Naz, Xiao-Meng Li, Xu Li, Bi-Ying Zhao, Shan-Shan Qi, Zhi-Cong Dai, Dao-Lin Du
High-throughput sequencing and a 16S rRNA gene clone library amplicon analysis were used to study the endophytic microbial diversity in citrus leaves in response to a Xanthomonas citri pv. Citri (Xcc) infection in an effort to develop a biocontrol scheme for citrus canker disease. There are more species of moderate citrus canker disease (MCD) than severe citrus canker disease (SCD) in terms of both Shannon and Simpson index measurements. Taxonomy has shown that the MCD Firmicutes group (25.2%) outnumber the SCD group (0.55%). Some Firmicutes can suppress Xcc, but in SCD leaves, they are in a competitive position and do not have a dominating niche; therefore, their population is greatly decreased. Sphingomonas and Methylobacterium, two genera of the phylum Proteobacteria, are growth-promoting and stress-resistant in most plants and comprise approximately 60% of the SCD group, whereas the MCD group was less abundant. In conclusion, citrus canker disease restructures bacterial communities in infected leaves, causing the endophytic community to evolve toward “weakening its spear and strengthening its shield.” This research provides support for the idea that introducing helpful bacterial strains in advance may alter the relative abundance of bacteria in a given area and hence decrease the likelihood of infection by harmful bacteria. The future of sequencing technology lies in research on microbial community functions, the elucidation of plant processes and pathogen occurrence, and support for the development of plant biological control technologies.
{"title":"Tug of War-Who is the Winner? Canker Disease Restructures the Endophytic Bacterial Community of Citrus","authors":"Jian-Yu Zhou, Yi Zhang, Wen-Ping Xu, Misbah Naz, Xiao-Meng Li, Xu Li, Bi-Ying Zhao, Shan-Shan Qi, Zhi-Cong Dai, Dao-Lin Du","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230052","url":null,"abstract":"High-throughput sequencing and a 16S rRNA gene clone library amplicon analysis were used to study the endophytic microbial diversity in citrus leaves in response to a Xanthomonas citri pv. Citri (Xcc) infection in an effort to develop a biocontrol scheme for citrus canker disease. There are more species of moderate citrus canker disease (MCD) than severe citrus canker disease (SCD) in terms of both Shannon and Simpson index measurements. Taxonomy has shown that the MCD Firmicutes group (25.2%) outnumber the SCD group (0.55%). Some Firmicutes can suppress Xcc, but in SCD leaves, they are in a competitive position and do not have a dominating niche; therefore, their population is greatly decreased. Sphingomonas and Methylobacterium, two genera of the phylum Proteobacteria, are growth-promoting and stress-resistant in most plants and comprise approximately 60% of the SCD group, whereas the MCD group was less abundant. In conclusion, citrus canker disease restructures bacterial communities in infected leaves, causing the endophytic community to evolve toward “weakening its spear and strengthening its shield.” This research provides support for the idea that introducing helpful bacterial strains in advance may alter the relative abundance of bacteria in a given area and hence decrease the likelihood of infection by harmful bacteria. The future of sequencing technology lies in research on microbial community functions, the elucidation of plant processes and pathogen occurrence, and support for the development of plant biological control technologies.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"63 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yun-Ju Baek, Sang Wook Park, Bok-Rye Lee, Ung Yang, Sol Han, Seung Gon Wi, Sang-Hyun Lee
Fruit size is determined by the number and size of cells resulting from cell division and expansion, which are correlated with changes in the cell wall content. The pivotal roles of pectin-methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) have been well documented with regard to fruit ripening. Therefore, this study analyzed fruit growth and pectin contents for three consecutive years (from 2019 to 2021) until 180 days after full bloom (DAFB) at 15-day intervals to examine how pectin in the cell wall components affects fruit growth and development. Although there were no differences in the fruit size at harvest for these three years, the absolute fruit growth rate (AGR) peaked most rapidly in 2020, reaching the maximum fruit size earlier compared to the other two years. The pectin content of fruits in 2020, which showed the fastest growth, remained at a low level early in the growing season compared to those in the other years. The change in the pattern of the gradual increase in the PG activity with a decrease in the PME activity resulted in correspondingly different intersecting points over the three years. We found that the intersection of PME and PG activities observed in the order of 2020, 2021, and 2019 was identical to the order when the fruits reached their final weight. Interestingly, this timeline coincided with the point in time when the AGR increased rapidly over these three years. Differences in fruit volume increases, pectin contents, and pectin-degrading enzyme activities observed during fruit growth over three years suggest that the intersection of PME and PG activities is one of the key factors influencing cell expansion activation. Taken together, these results indicate that the intersection of PME and PG activities may affect the pectin content during fruit growth and development, which in turn affects the fruit growth rate in Asian pears.
{"title":"Different Activities of Pectin-degrading Enzymes Affecting the Growth of Asian Pears","authors":"Yun-Ju Baek, Sang Wook Park, Bok-Rye Lee, Ung Yang, Sol Han, Seung Gon Wi, Sang-Hyun Lee","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230046","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit size is determined by the number and size of cells resulting from cell division and expansion, which are correlated with changes in the cell wall content. The pivotal roles of pectin-methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) have been well documented with regard to fruit ripening. Therefore, this study analyzed fruit growth and pectin contents for three consecutive years (from 2019 to 2021) until 180 days after full bloom (DAFB) at 15-day intervals to examine how pectin in the cell wall components affects fruit growth and development. Although there were no differences in the fruit size at harvest for these three years, the absolute fruit growth rate (AGR) peaked most rapidly in 2020, reaching the maximum fruit size earlier compared to the other two years. The pectin content of fruits in 2020, which showed the fastest growth, remained at a low level early in the growing season compared to those in the other years. The change in the pattern of the gradual increase in the PG activity with a decrease in the PME activity resulted in correspondingly different intersecting points over the three years. We found that the intersection of PME and PG activities observed in the order of 2020, 2021, and 2019 was identical to the order when the fruits reached their final weight. Interestingly, this timeline coincided with the point in time when the AGR increased rapidly over these three years. Differences in fruit volume increases, pectin contents, and pectin-degrading enzyme activities observed during fruit growth over three years suggest that the intersection of PME and PG activities is one of the key factors influencing cell expansion activation. Taken together, these results indicate that the intersection of PME and PG activities may affect the pectin content during fruit growth and development, which in turn affects the fruit growth rate in Asian pears.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"63 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chinese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is a fruit tree with a range of different fruit characteristics, such as different sizes, shapes, flavors, textures, and colors. The relationships between the economic characteristics, nutritional components, functional components, and antioxidant activities of plum fruit have rarely been reported. In order to select new and superior varieties of Chinese plum that are suitable for promotion in north China, eight Chinese plum varieties mainly cultivated in Henan Province (‘Purple amber plum’, ‘Green crisp plum’, ‘French plum’, ‘Princess plum’, ‘Huangganli’, ‘Huangjuli’, and ‘Friar plum’ from Zhengzhou city, and ‘Friar plum’ from Pingdingshan city) and five new breed accessions (‘7–15 plum’, ‘4–12 plum’, ‘1–24 plum’, ‘3–11 plum’, and ‘4–22 plum’) were used as subjects, with the main appearance indexes, nutrient components, functional components, and extract antioxidant activities from these fruits determined and analyzed. The results show that the same accessions of Chinese plum in different regions had the same fruit shape index values, whereas their fruit sizes, nutrient components, functional components and antioxidant activities showed significant differences. The total sugar content was extremely significantly positively correlated with reduced sugar contents and vitamin C (Vc) contents in the different accessions, with correlation coefficients of 0.926 and 0.708, respectively. The flavonoid contents and total phenolic contents in different accessions of plum fruits had an extremely significant positive correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.979 obtained. The flavonoid contents and total phenolic contents were significantly positively correlated with the ·OH scavenging capacity, showing correlation coefficients of 0.664 and 0.650, respectively. ‘Princess plum’ and ‘French plum’ had high flavonoid contents, total phenolic contents, and ·OH scavenging capacity levels; the ‘4–12 plum’ had a high triterpenoid acid content and DPPH· scavenging capacity; and ‘Huangganli’ had a high triterpenoid acid content and ·O2－scavenging capacity. These results confirm that Chinese plums are a good source of natural phenolic antioxidants.
{"title":"Phenotypic Variations in External and Internal Fruit Quality Traits of Different Plum Accessions","authors":"Lehan Xia, Long Chen, Yuling Chen, Zhenyu Huang","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230045","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is a fruit tree with a range of different fruit characteristics, such as different sizes, shapes, flavors, textures, and colors. The relationships between the economic characteristics, nutritional components, functional components, and antioxidant activities of plum fruit have rarely been reported. In order to select new and superior varieties of Chinese plum that are suitable for promotion in north China, eight Chinese plum varieties mainly cultivated in Henan Province (‘Purple amber plum’, ‘Green crisp plum’, ‘French plum’, ‘Princess plum’, ‘Huangganli’, ‘Huangjuli’, and ‘Friar plum’ from Zhengzhou city, and ‘Friar plum’ from Pingdingshan city) and five new breed accessions (‘7–15 plum’, ‘4–12 plum’, ‘1–24 plum’, ‘3–11 plum’, and ‘4–22 plum’) were used as subjects, with the main appearance indexes, nutrient components, functional components, and extract antioxidant activities from these fruits determined and analyzed. The results show that the same accessions of Chinese plum in different regions had the same fruit shape index values, whereas their fruit sizes, nutrient components, functional components and antioxidant activities showed significant differences. The total sugar content was extremely significantly positively correlated with reduced sugar contents and vitamin C (Vc) contents in the different accessions, with correlation coefficients of 0.926 and 0.708, respectively. The flavonoid contents and total phenolic contents in different accessions of plum fruits had an extremely significant positive correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.979 obtained. The flavonoid contents and total phenolic contents were significantly positively correlated with the ·OH scavenging capacity, showing correlation coefficients of 0.664 and 0.650, respectively. ‘Princess plum’ and ‘French plum’ had high flavonoid contents, total phenolic contents, and ·OH scavenging capacity levels; the ‘4–12 plum’ had a high triterpenoid acid content and DPPH· scavenging capacity; and ‘Huangganli’ had a high triterpenoid acid content and ·O2－scavenging capacity. These results confirm that Chinese plums are a good source of natural phenolic antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"13 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myoung Sun Kang, Thi Luyen Cao, Tae Heon Lee, Nathan Cho, Tae Gyu Yi, Nam il Park, Baul Ko, Ho Cheol Kim, Jong Hyang Bae, Yang Gyu Ku
This study aimed to compare rutin content, anti-cancer activity against Calu-6 lung, HCT-116 colorectal, and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and anti-obesity activity of Jersey Giant, Jersey Supreme, NJ953, and UC157 asparagus cultivars. The rutin content in the spears of the four cultivars gradually decreased from the tip to the basal segments. In the spear tip segments, the rutin content of the Jersey Giant and UC157 cultivars was higher than that in the Jersey Supreme and NJ953 cultivars; whereas the rutin content in the basal segments of Jersey Supreme and UC157 spears was higher than that of Jersey Giant and NJ953 cultivars. The rutin content in the whole spear of the UC157 cultivar was significantly higher than that in Jersey Giant and NJ953 spears. Asparagus spears exhibited anti-cancer activity against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells more effectively than Calu-6 lung and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, as demonstrated by the lower viability of HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells compared to the viability of the other cancer cell lines. The Jersey Giant cultivar showed higher anti-cancer activity against Calu-6 lung cancer cell line at spear extract concentrations of 400 and 800 µg·mL-1. The UC157 cultivar showed higher anti-cancer activity against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells at spear extract concentrations from 100 to 800 µg·mL-1 compared to Jersey Giant and Jersey Supreme cultivars. The rutin content was negatively correlated with the viability of HCT-116 colorectal and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, indicating that the high rutin content of the UC157 cultivar is linked to high anti-cancer activity against HCT-116 colorectal and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The spear extracts from the four asparagus cultivars significantly decreased lipid accumulation. There were no significant differences in the effects to 3T3-L1 preadipocyte viability and lipid accumulation among the four cultivars. These results suggest the potential of the UC157 cultivar with its high rutin content and anti-cancer activity against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, also suggest that the consumption of asparagus may contribute to the alleviation of obesity.
{"title":"Comparison of Rutin Content, Anti-Cancer Activity, and Anti-Obesity Effect of Four Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) Cultivars","authors":"Myoung Sun Kang, Thi Luyen Cao, Tae Heon Lee, Nathan Cho, Tae Gyu Yi, Nam il Park, Baul Ko, Ho Cheol Kim, Jong Hyang Bae, Yang Gyu Ku","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230043","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare rutin content, anti-cancer activity against Calu-6 lung, HCT-116 colorectal, and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and anti-obesity activity of Jersey Giant, Jersey Supreme, NJ953, and UC157 asparagus cultivars. The rutin content in the spears of the four cultivars gradually decreased from the tip to the basal segments. In the spear tip segments, the rutin content of the Jersey Giant and UC157 cultivars was higher than that in the Jersey Supreme and NJ953 cultivars; whereas the rutin content in the basal segments of Jersey Supreme and UC157 spears was higher than that of Jersey Giant and NJ953 cultivars. The rutin content in the whole spear of the UC157 cultivar was significantly higher than that in Jersey Giant and NJ953 spears. Asparagus spears exhibited anti-cancer activity against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells more effectively than Calu-6 lung and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, as demonstrated by the lower viability of HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells compared to the viability of the other cancer cell lines. The Jersey Giant cultivar showed higher anti-cancer activity against Calu-6 lung cancer cell line at spear extract concentrations of 400 and 800 µg·mL-1. The UC157 cultivar showed higher anti-cancer activity against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells at spear extract concentrations from 100 to 800 µg·mL-1 compared to Jersey Giant and Jersey Supreme cultivars. The rutin content was negatively correlated with the viability of HCT-116 colorectal and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, indicating that the high rutin content of the UC157 cultivar is linked to high anti-cancer activity against HCT-116 colorectal and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The spear extracts from the four asparagus cultivars significantly decreased lipid accumulation. There were no significant differences in the effects to 3T3-L1 preadipocyte viability and lipid accumulation among the four cultivars. These results suggest the potential of the UC157 cultivar with its high rutin content and anti-cancer activity against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, also suggest that the consumption of asparagus may contribute to the alleviation of obesity.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"13 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoon Go, Beom Seon Lee, Eun Ji Kim, Se Hun Ju, Jin Sub Park, Haeyoung Na
This study aimed to determine the appropriate concentration of chlorella foliar application to promote the growth and post-harvest storage of melons. The SPAD values and the number of leaves were higher in the groups treated with 250 and 500 times diluted chlorella solution compared to the other treatment groups. Based on the results of the leaf number, it is anticipated that chlorella foliar application can have a positive effect on reducing the phenomenon of defoliation. The fresh weight and ratio of dry weight showed the lowest values in the untreated control group, whereas the groups treated with 250 and 500 times diluted chlorella solution exhibited the highest values. The Brix of melons rapidly decreased from six days storage, with the fruits in the untreated group showing the lowest values. The internal hardness of the fruits was highest in the 250 times diluted chlorella solution treated group after 12 days of storage, but from the 14th day onwards, it decreased overall. In contrast, the external hardness of melons in the untreated group continuously decreased compared to that in the treated groups after 12–17 days of storage, showing significantly lower values. The total polyphenol content in fruits was highest in the 500 times diluted chlorella solution compared to the other treatment groups. The free sugar content of fruits treated with 250 times diluted chlorella solution was higher than in the other treatment groups. The polyphenol, sucrose, and glucose contents were most effective in the chlorella-treated groups at concentrations of 250, and 500 times diluted chlorella solution, respectively. Leaf numbers were most effective at 1,000 and 500 times, while ratio of dry weight was most effective at 250 and 500 times. And Internal hardness and Brix were most effective at 1,000 times. In conclusion, the comprehensive analysis of all experimental results indicates that all chlorella-treated groups exhibited greater efficacy compared to the control group. Therefore, chlorella, which exerts a positive influence on the growth and postharvest storage of melons, can serve as a complementary biofertilizer to supplement chemical fertilizers. As a result, it is believed that foliar application of chlorella can offer consumers healthy, safe, and high-quality agricultural products.
{"title":"Chlorella Foliar Application Promote Growth and Post-Harvest Storage Characteristics in Melon","authors":"Yoon Go, Beom Seon Lee, Eun Ji Kim, Se Hun Ju, Jin Sub Park, Haeyoung Na","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230047","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the appropriate concentration of chlorella foliar application to promote the growth and post-harvest storage of melons. The SPAD values and the number of leaves were higher in the groups treated with 250 and 500 times diluted chlorella solution compared to the other treatment groups. Based on the results of the leaf number, it is anticipated that chlorella foliar application can have a positive effect on reducing the phenomenon of defoliation. The fresh weight and ratio of dry weight showed the lowest values in the untreated control group, whereas the groups treated with 250 and 500 times diluted chlorella solution exhibited the highest values. The Brix of melons rapidly decreased from six days storage, with the fruits in the untreated group showing the lowest values. The internal hardness of the fruits was highest in the 250 times diluted chlorella solution treated group after 12 days of storage, but from the 14th day onwards, it decreased overall. In contrast, the external hardness of melons in the untreated group continuously decreased compared to that in the treated groups after 12–17 days of storage, showing significantly lower values. The total polyphenol content in fruits was highest in the 500 times diluted chlorella solution compared to the other treatment groups. The free sugar content of fruits treated with 250 times diluted chlorella solution was higher than in the other treatment groups. The polyphenol, sucrose, and glucose contents were most effective in the chlorella-treated groups at concentrations of 250, and 500 times diluted chlorella solution, respectively. Leaf numbers were most effective at 1,000 and 500 times, while ratio of dry weight was most effective at 250 and 500 times. And Internal hardness and Brix were most effective at 1,000 times. In conclusion, the comprehensive analysis of all experimental results indicates that all chlorella-treated groups exhibited greater efficacy compared to the control group. Therefore, chlorella, which exerts a positive influence on the growth and postharvest storage of melons, can serve as a complementary biofertilizer to supplement chemical fertilizers. As a result, it is believed that foliar application of chlorella can offer consumers healthy, safe, and high-quality agricultural products.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"63 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was carried out in a bi-axis apple orchard with various planting distances (between- and within-row spacing at 3 m×1.5 m and 1.2 m, 1.0 m, 0.8 m, respectively) using ‘Fuji’/M.9 grafts to manipulate the tree shape during the early years of the orchard’s lifespan (up to four years after planting) and to compare tree growth outcomes and initial yields according to the planting distance. The configuration of a bi-axis tree shape with a narrow canopy width requires pinching of the shoots during the growing season, the removal of water sprouts or branches competing with the main stem after August, and the shortening of overly long/thick branches or renewal pruning in winter. In the early years of orchard establishment, vegetative growth decreased as the planting density increased, whereas the formation of spur-type fruit-bearing branches tended to increase. The light interception during the fourth year of planting was 37–42%, and there were no differences between the planting methods. The cumulative yields (kg/tree) were 8.7, 9.3, 9.9, and 10.3 at planting distances of 1.5 m, 1.2 m, 1.0 m, and 0.8 m, respectively. The yield increased with a decrease in the planting distance. In conclusion, the results here suggest that the bending of branches during the configuration of the tree shape in bi-axis orchards is not necessary. Until the fourth year of the establishment of the bi-axis apple orchard, with an increase in the planting density, the vegetative growth decreased, favoring fruit formation and an increased cumulative yield per tree. At a planting distance of 0.8 m, however, tree vigor was reduced slightly.
本研究是在一个双轴苹果园中进行的，不同的种植距离(行距和行内间距分别为3 m×1.5 m和1.2 m, 1.0 m, 0.8 m)，使用' Fuji ' / m。在果园生命周期的早期(种植后长达四年)，通过9个嫁接来控制树木的形状，并根据种植距离比较树木的生长结果和初始产量。窄冠宽双轴树形的配置需要在生长季节对枝条进行修剪，8月后去除水芽或与主茎竞争的枝条，冬季缩短过长/过粗的枝条或更新修剪。在建园初期，随着种植密度的增加，营养生长下降，而刺型结果枝的形成有增加的趋势。种植第4年时的截光率为37 ~ 42%，不同种植方式间无差异。种植距离为1.5 m、1.2 m、1.0 m和0.8 m时，累积产量分别为8.7、9.3、9.9和10.3 kg/株。产量随种植距离的减小而增加。综上所述，双轴果园树形结构中树枝的弯曲是不必要的。直到双轴苹果园建立第四年，随着种植密度的增加，营养生长下降，有利于果实形成，单株累积产量增加。当种植距离为0.8 m时，树木活力略有下降。
{"title":"Configuration of the Tree Shape in a Bi-axis Apple Orchard using ‘Fuji’/M.9 Grafted Plants – Tree Growth and Productivity during Early Years According to the Planting Distance","authors":"Byeong-Ho Choi, Chung-Sil Kim, Young-Ju Jeong, Jong-Hun Jeon, Bae-Yeon Shin, Tae-Myung Yoon","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230048","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in a bi-axis apple orchard with various planting distances (between- and within-row spacing at 3 m×1.5 m and 1.2 m, 1.0 m, 0.8 m, respectively) using ‘Fuji’/M.9 grafts to manipulate the tree shape during the early years of the orchard’s lifespan (up to four years after planting) and to compare tree growth outcomes and initial yields according to the planting distance. The configuration of a bi-axis tree shape with a narrow canopy width requires pinching of the shoots during the growing season, the removal of water sprouts or branches competing with the main stem after August, and the shortening of overly long/thick branches or renewal pruning in winter. In the early years of orchard establishment, vegetative growth decreased as the planting density increased, whereas the formation of spur-type fruit-bearing branches tended to increase. The light interception during the fourth year of planting was 37–42%, and there were no differences between the planting methods. The cumulative yields (kg/tree) were 8.7, 9.3, 9.9, and 10.3 at planting distances of 1.5 m, 1.2 m, 1.0 m, and 0.8 m, respectively. The yield increased with a decrease in the planting distance. In conclusion, the results here suggest that the bending of branches during the configuration of the tree shape in bi-axis orchards is not necessary. Until the fourth year of the establishment of the bi-axis apple orchard, with an increase in the planting density, the vegetative growth decreased, favoring fruit formation and an increased cumulative yield per tree. At a planting distance of 0.8 m, however, tree vigor was reduced slightly.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"63 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyewon Lee, Hyo Bong Jeong, Jun Gu Lee, Indeok Hwang, Deok Ho Kwon, Yul Kyun Ahn
{"title":"Evaluation of Grafted Tomatoes with Different Levels of Resistance of Rootstocks to TYLCV by Analyzing the Growth Characteristics, Leaf-macronutrient Content, and Chlorophyll Fluorescence","authors":"Hyewon Lee, Hyo Bong Jeong, Jun Gu Lee, Indeok Hwang, Deok Ho Kwon, Yul Kyun Ahn","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"33 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135930591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mockhee Lee, Hong Lim Kim, Jae-Ho Joa, Yong-Bum Kwack, Jin Gook Kim
{"title":"Differences in Fruit and Seed Characteristics of Kiwifruit ‘Haeguem’ and ‘Redvita’ Affected by Pollen Donors","authors":"Mockhee Lee, Hong Lim Kim, Jae-Ho Joa, Yong-Bum Kwack, Jin Gook Kim","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"9 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135930597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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