Reading Skillfully

Abstract This paper examines Socrates’ problematic analogy of reading big and little letters in Book 2 of Plato’s Republic . The examination highlights a significant grammatical detail, which has been generally overlooked in contemporary Platonic scholarship: Socrates refers to the justice of the city as ‘doing one’s own thing’ ( τὸ αὑτοῦ πράττων ), in the singular, but the justice of the individual as ‘doing one’s own things’ ( τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττων ), in the plural. In terms of Socrates’ analogy, the big and little letters of justice are not, in fact, the same. Ultimately, the paper argues that Socrates’ analogy of reading big and little letters is intentionally problematic, intended to draw attention to this literal difference between the justice of the city and the justice of the individual. The paper concludes with a discussion of a few immediate implications of this grammatical detail for interpreting the argument of Plato’s Republic .