挖掘柏拉图的洞穴:银矿、奴隶制和哲学教育

IF 0.3 3区 历史学 0 CLASSICS POLIS Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI:10.1163/20512996-12340417
Geoffrey Bakewell
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:《洞穴的寓言》(Pl. Resp. 514a1-520e2)经常从形而上学、认识论、政治和精神层次的角度进行分析,这些层次是通过哲学教育来澄清和加强的。但寓言也包含了一个重要的历史典故,指的是发生在古典阿提卡的银矿开采。从拉夫里奥周围被奴役的矿工的角度来审视洞穴,让我们重新考虑寓言中哲学上的“解放”(λ τ ν ν δεσμ μ ν, 515c4),在雅典奴隶制和柏拉图对这种做法的思考的背景下。在他的其他著作中,柏拉图通常以两种方式使用奴役的隐喻:描绘“坏的”内在精神服从和“好”服从逻各斯,表现在各种实体中。寓言的这种历史维度破坏了奴隶/公民区别表面上的自然性,并表明哲学教育有可能“解放”前者,“征服”后者。这些法律范畴,在某种程度上,是武断和易变的,这一暗示揭示了柏拉图的观点与他的古典同行之间的重要差异,这为当时和现在的读者增加了对话的保护维度。
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Mining Plato’s Cave: Silver Mining, Slavery, and Philosophical Education
Abstract The Allegory of the Cave (Pl. Resp. 514a1–520e2) is often analyzed in terms of metaphysical, epistemological, political, and psychic hierarchies that are clarified and reinforced by philosophical education. But the Allegory also contains an important historical allusion to the silver mining that took place in classical Attica. Examining the Cave in light of the enslaved miners around Lavrio leads us to reconsider the philosophical ‘liberation’ ( λύσιν … τῶν δεσμῶν , 515c4) at the Allegory’s heart in the context of Athenian slavery and Plato’s thoughts on the practice. Elsewhere in his work Plato generally uses servile metaphors in two ways: to depict ‘bad’ internal psychic subjection and ‘good’ submission to logos as manifested in various entities. This historical dimension of the Allegory works to undermine the ostensible naturalness of the slave/citizen distinction and suggest that philosophical education has the potential to ‘free’ the former and ‘subjugate’ the latter. The implication that these juridical categories are, to an extent, arbitrary and mutable reveals important differences between Plato’s views and those of his classical peers, and it adds to the dialogue’s protreptic dimension for its readers then and now.
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来源期刊
POLIS
POLIS CLASSICS-
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
审稿时长
7 weeks
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