加拿大工业空气污染物排放和阿尔茨海默病死亡率

Hygiene and environmental health advances Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.heha.2022.100019

Sabit Cakmak , Olaniyan Toyib , Chris Hebbern , Kimberly Mitchell , Jasmine D. Cakmak , Eric Lavigne , Michael Tjepkema , Naizhuo Zhao

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:人们对特定源空气污染对健康的影响越来越感兴趣。然而，工业空气污染物与阿尔茨海默病之间的关系研究有限。目的评估工业细颗粒物(PM2.5)、二氧化氮(NO2)和二氧化硫(SO2)暴露与阿尔茨海默病死亡率的关系。方法从2006年加拿大人口普查健康与环境队列(CanCHEC)中约320万成年人从人口普查日(2006年5月16日)到死亡或2016年12月31日进行随访。研究人员根据参与者居住的邮政编码给他们分配了三年移动平均工业排放量，其中滞后一年。通过考虑15公里缓冲区内所有工业的空气污染物排放的权重、邮政编码区域与排放者之间的距离以及邮政编码区域每年处于工业排放者下风的时间百分比，估算了邮政编码区域内三种工业空气污染物的邻域排放量。Cox比例风险模型用于计算阿尔茨海默氏症死亡的风险比(hr)，调整了15个社会人口统计学和背景协变量。通过单独调整其他工业排放、绿色度和合并症指数进行敏感性分析。在2006年至2016年期间，我们确定了4500例阿尔茨海默病死亡病例，随访期间共3299.92万人年。与工业PM2.5、NO2和SO2吨/米每年增加一个四分位数范围相关的阿尔茨海默病死亡率调整后的HR分别为1.006(95%置信区间:1.000-1.011)、0.994(0.978-1.011)和0.998(0.996-1.001)。工业PM2.5与阿尔茨海默病死亡率之间也观察到类似的正相关，但在敏感性分析中，NO2和SO2没有明显的相关性。结论工业PM2.5暴露可增加阿尔茨海默病死亡风险。

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Industrial air pollutant emissions and mortality from Alzheimer's disease in Canada

Background

There is increasing interest in the health effects of source-specific air pollution. However, the relationship between industrial air pollutants and Alzheimer's disease has received limited investigation.

Objectives

To assess associations of industrial fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) exposures with mortality from Alzheimer's disease.

Methods

Approximately 3.2 million adults involved in the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) were followed from Census day (May 16, 2006) until death or December 31, 2016. Three-year moving-average industrial emissions with a one-year lag were assigned to the participants based on their residential postal codes. The neighborhood emission of each of the three industrial air pollutants for a postal code was estimated by considering weights of the air pollutant emissions from all industries within a 15 km buffer area, distances between the postal code area and the emitters, and percentages of time per year that the postal code area was downwind of the industrial emitters. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for deaths from Alzheimer's, adjusting for 15 socio-demographic and contextual covariates. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by adjusting for other industrial emissions, greenness, and comorbidity index, individually.

Results

We identified 4500 deaths due to Alzheimer's disease from 2006 to 2016 for a total of 32,909,200 person-years across the follow-up period. The adjusted HR for mortality from Alzheimer's related to one interquartile range increase in industrial PM_2.5, NO₂, and SO₂ tonnes/meter per year are 1.006 (95% confidence intervals: 1.000-1.011), 0.994 (0.978-1.011), and 0.998 (0.996-1.001), respectively. Similar positive associations between industrial PM_2.5 and mortality from Alzheimer's disease were observed, but there were no clear associations for NO₂ and SO₂ in sensitivity analyses.