Potential Benefits of Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Rice Grown in South and Southeast Asia: A Review

Traditional rice varieties have been widely cultivated and popularly consumed by Asian people for a very long time and have recently garnered increased consumer concern. Traditional or indigenous rice varieties are known to be rich in a wide range of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phytic acids, and γ-oryzanol. We have identified 32 phenolic acids, including hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and 7 different flavonoids in rice varieties. These bioactive compounds have unique physiological effects on human health. Additionally, rice grains exhibit nutraceutical potential for antidiabetic, antiarthritic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. In this review, we critically analyzed the bioactive components of traditional rice and their nutraceutical potential in protecting against harmful microbial activities. To ensure that future generations have access to these beneficial substances, it is crucial to preserve traditional rice varieties.