Transsphenoid surgery outcomes in pituitary adenoma patients at Sumatera Utara University Hospital in 2022–2023: A prospective study

Background

Adenomas are common pituitary tumors, accounting for 10–15 % of all intracranial tumors. They are non-metastatic and benign, originating in the pituitary gland. The exact genetic mutations causing adenomas are not fully understood, but they involve tumor suppressor inactivator genes and protooncogene activator mutations. Transsphenoidal surgery is the preferred treatment for patients with neuro-ophthalmological symptoms to relieve pressure on the optic tract, resulting in visual improvement for around 80 % of patients. Surgery is recommended for patients with such symptoms or when the tumor invades the optic nerve. Risks of transsphenoidal surgery include diabetes insipidus, electrolyte imbalances, neurological deficits, and CSF rhinorrhea.

Materials and methods

This is a clinical trial study with a prospective cohort design to evaluate outcomes of pituitary adenoma patients who were undergone transsphenoid surgery at USU Hospital in 2022–2023. Total of 13 patients were included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl⁻ were measured to assess outcomes of transsphenoid surgery in pituitary adenoma patients.

Result

Various postoperative complications can be seen and be anticipated in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Conclusion

Water and electrolyte imbalance is one of the most common complication found in patient who undergone transsphenoid surgery for pituitary adenoma. It can lead to secondary hospital admission and may be life-threatening if not treated adequately and immediately. Preoperative and postoperative laboratory Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻ and urinary output are important parameters to be monitored in pituitary adenoma patient who undergone transsphenoid surgery.