一个以市民为基础的平台揭示了南半球大城市内功能群体的分布:e-Bird和圣地亚哥(智利中部)的城市鸟类

IF 1.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Revista Chilena de Historia Natural Pub Date : 2018-03-27 DOI:10.1186/s40693-018-0073-x
Pablo Gutiérrez-Tapia, M. Ignacio Azócar, Sergio A. Castro
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引用次数: 16

摘要

目前关于城市鸟类生态学和生物多样性的知识依赖于来自北半球城市的证据,而南半球的代表性不足。圣地亚哥是南美洲的一个大城市,位于智利中部,是一个生物多样性热点和特有种鸟类区。这项工作是一项综合工作,旨在为圣地亚哥的多样性提供一个解释,并描述广泛的地理分布和鸟类功能模式。方法将eBird数据库中7年(2009-2016年)的鸟类登记册(圣地亚哥的21865个地理参考登记册)与观察到的个体数量综合到一个单一的鸟类种群账户中。我们利用有关圣地亚哥鸟类的现有文献(28篇参考文献)来补充这些登记。我们调查了本地/外来比例、迁徙/居民比例、保护类别和城市筑巢状况。我们把圣地亚哥的鸟类分为七个营养协会。通过反距离加权插值法绘制了各功能群的物种丰富度和个体数。结果圣地亚哥市鸟类种类以本地种(41种)、留鸟种(38种)、非濒危种(46种)为主,在市内繁殖(31种)。一些功能群体占据了圣地亚哥城市表面的很大一部分,达到了很高的丰富性和丰富性。在这些群体中有本地的、城市筑巢的和常驻的物种;尽管外来物种的物种丰富度较低(5),但它们数量丰富,栖息在城市的整个表面。主要的营养行会是杂食性(11)和肉食性(10)。食虫是第三丰富的营养行业,并显示出最高的物种丰富度(13)。结论圣地亚哥地区物种丰富度较低的官能团数量较少,呈减少状、斑块状分布。这可能是由于适宜栖息地较少和/或食物供应有限(候鸟、肉食性、食蜜性、果食性、草食性和鱼食性)。在圣地亚哥报道的高食虫丰富度,以及在新热带地区的几个城市报道的类似模式,提供了证据,假设在这个生物地理领域的城市中,这个行业的物种丰富度很高。
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A citizen-based platform reveals the distribution of functional groups inside a large city from the Southern Hemisphere: e-Bird and the urban birds of Santiago (Central Chile)
BackgroundCurrent knowledge of urban bird ecology and biodiversity relies on evidence from cities of the Northern Hemisphere, while the Southern Hemisphere is underrepresented. Santiago is a large city from South America, located in central Chile, which is both a biodiversity hotspot and an Endemic Bird Area. This work is a synthesis, which aims to provide a diversity account for Santiago, and to describe the broad geographic distribution and bird functional patterns.MethodsWe synthesized a seven-year (2009–2016) bird register from the eBird database (21,865 georeferenced registers at Santiago) into a single avifaunal account, along with the observed number of individuals. We complemented these registers by using available literature about Santiago’s avifauna (28 references). We investigated the proportion of native/exotic, migrants/residents, conservation categories, and urban nesting status. We classified Santiago’s birds into seven trophic guilds. We plotted species richness and number of individuals for each functional group, by interpolating trough the Inverse Distance Weighted Method.ResultsWe found that Santiago’s avifauna (46 species) is composed mainly by native (41), resident (38), non-threatened species (46) that breed inside the city (31). Some functional groups inhabit a large portion of Santiago’s urban surface, reaching high values of richness and abundance. Among these groups are the native, urban-nesters and resident species; even though exotics possess low species richness (5), they are abundant and inhabit the complete urban surface of the city.The dominant trophic guilds are omnivorous (11) and granivorous (10). Insectivorous are the third most abundant trophic guild, and show the highest species richness (13).ConclusionThe functional groups with lower species richness are less abundant and display reduced and patchy distributions in Santiago. This is probably because of the low availability of suitable habitats and/or restricted food supply (migrants, carnivorous, nectarivorous, frugivorous, herbivorous and piscivorous). The high insectivorous richness reported in Santiago, along with similar patterns reported in several cities in the Neotropics, provides evidence to postulate a pattern of high species richness of this guild in cities across this biogeographic realm.
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来源期刊
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
18.20%
发文量
9
审稿时长
>36 weeks
期刊介绍: Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (RCHN) publishes original research dealing with past and present phenomena from organismic to higher levels of biological organization, considering both empirical and theoretical studies on all kinds of taxa and environments. The major areas covered by RCHN are: botany and zoology; physiological and behavioral ecology; population biology; community and ecosystem ecology; systematics, biogeography and evolution.
期刊最新文献
Correction: Unveiling emerging interdisciplinary research challenges in the highly threatened sclerophyllous forests of central Chile Genomics resources for the Rapa Nui (Eastern Island) spiny lobster Panulirus pascuensis (Crustacea: Decapoda: Achelata) Where is dinner? The spatiality of the trophic niche of terrestrial mammalian carnivores in Chile, a systematization for their conservation The iconographic evolution of Patagonian and Fuegian canids Vascular flora of Punta Arenas city: comparative analysis of composition, life forms, and biogeographic origins
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