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Correction: Unveiling emerging interdisciplinary research challenges in the highly threatened sclerophyllous forests of central Chile 更正:揭示智利中部受到严重威胁的硬叶林中新出现的跨学科研究挑战
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1186/s40693-024-00134-8
Cristian A. Delpiano, Solange Vargas, Juan F. Ovalle, Catalina Cáceres, Francisco Zorondo-Rodríguez, Alejandro Miranda, Nelida Pohl, Claudia Rojas, Francisco A. Squeo
<p><b>Correction: Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (2024) 97:7</b></p><p><b>https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-024-00130-y</b></p><p>Following publication of the original article [1], the authors would like to update Affiliation 7 details. Please see below for the correct details:</p><p><b> Current Affiliation</b></p><p><sup>7</sup>Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.</p><p><b> Updated Affiliation</b></p><p><sup>7</sup>ESMOI-Center for Ecology and Sustainable Island Management, Coquimbo, Chile.</p><p>This correction does not affect the overall result or conclusion of the article. The original article [1] has been corrected.</p><ol data-track-component="outbound reference" data-track-context="references section"><li data-counter="1."><p>Delpiano CA, Vargas S, Ovalle JF, et al. Unveiling emerging interdisciplinary research challenges in the highly threatened sclerophyllous forests of central Chile. Rev Chil de Hist Nat. 2024;97:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-024-00130-y.</p><p>Article Google Scholar </p></li></ol><p>Download references<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" role="img" width="16"><use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use></svg></p><h3>Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol><li><p>Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile</p><p>Cristian A. Delpiano & Francisco A. Squeo</p></li><li><p>Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile</p><p>Cristian A. Delpiano, Solange Vargas, Nelida Pohl & Francisco A. Squeo</p></li><li><p>Departamento de Química y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile</p><p>Solange Vargas</p></li><li><p>Laboratorio de Restauración de Bosques, Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile</p><p>Juan F. Ovalle & Catalina Cáceres</p></li><li><p>Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile</p><p>Juan F. Ovalle & Claudia Rojas</p></li><li><p>Laboratory for the Interdisciplinary Analysis of Socio-Ecological Systems (LIASES), Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile</p><p>Francisco Zorondo-Rodríguez</p></li><li><p>ESMOI-Center for Ecology and Sustainable Island Management, Coquimbo, Chile</p><p>Francisco Zorondo-Rodríguez</p></li><li><p>Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Conservación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile</p><p>Alejandro Miranda</p></li><li><p>Center for Climate and Resilience Research, (CR2), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile</p><p>Alejandro Miranda</p></li><li><p>Laboratory of Soil Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry (LEMiBiS), Institute of Agri- Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), U
更正:Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (2024) 97:7https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-024-00130-yFollowing 原文[1]发表后,作者希望更新所属单位7的详细信息。正确的详细信息请参见下文:目前的工作单位7智利科金博北天主教大学海洋科学学院海洋生物学系海洋岛屿生态与可持续管理中心(ESMOI)。更新后的工作单位7ESMOI-海洋岛屿生态与可持续管理中心,智利科金博。Delpiano CA, Vargas S, Ovalle JF, et al. Unveiling emerging interdisciplinary research challenges in the highly threatened sclerophyllous forests of central Chile.Rev Chil de Hist Nat. 2024;97:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-024-00130-y.Article Google Scholar Download references作者及工作单位Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, ChileCristian A. Delpiano &amp; Francisco A. SqueoInstituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, ChileCristian A. Delpiano, Solange Vargas, Nelida Pohl &amp; Francisco A. SqueoDepartamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, ChileCristian A. Delpiano, Solange Vargas, Nelida Pohl &amp; Francisco A. SqueoSqueoDepartamento de Química y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, ChileSolange VargasLaboratorio de Restauración de Bosques, Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, ChileJuan F. Ovalle &amp; Catalina CáceresCenter of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, ChileJuan F. Ovalle &amp; Catalina Cáceres.Ovalle &amp;Claudia RojasLaboratory for the Interdisciplinary Analysis of Socio-Ecological Systems (LIASES), Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, ChileFrancisco Zorondo-RodríguezESMOI-Center for Ecology and Sustainable Island Management, Coquimbo, ChileFrancisco Zorondo-RodríguezLaboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Conservación、Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, ChileAlejandro MirandaCenter for Climate and Resilience Research, (CR2), Universidad de Chile, Santiago、ChileAlejandro MirandaLaboratory of Soil Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry (LEMiBiS), Institute of Agri- Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O'Higgins, San Fernando, ChileClaudia Rojas作者克里斯蒂安-A.Delpiano查看作者发表的作品您也可以在PubMed Google ScholarSolange Vargas查看作者发表的作品您也可以在PubMed Google ScholarJuan F. Ovalle查看作者发表的作品OvalleView 作者发表作品您也可以在 PubMed Google ScholarCatalina CáceresView 作者发表作品您也可以在 PubMed Google ScholarFrancisco Zorondo-RodríguezRodríguez查看作者发表作品您也可以在PubMed Google ScholarAlejandro Miranda查看作者发表作品您也可以在PubMed Google ScholarNelida Pohl查看作者发表作品您也可以在PubMed Google ScholarClaudia Rojas查看作者发表作品您也可以在PubMed Google ScholarFrancisco A. Squeo查看作者发表作品SqueoView author publications您也可以在PubMed Google Scholar中搜索该作者Corresponding authorCorrespondence to Juan F. Ovalle.出版者注释Springer Nature对出版地图中的管辖权主张和机构隶属关系保持中立。原文的在线版本可在https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-024-00130-y。开放获取 本文采用知识共享署名 4.0 国际许可协议,该协议允许以任何媒介或格式使用、共享、改编、分发和复制本文,但必须注明原作者和出处,提供知识共享许可协议的链接,并说明是否进行了修改。本文中的图片或其他第三方材料均包含在文章的知识共享许可协议中,除非在材料的署名栏中另有说明。如果材料未包含在文章的知识共享许可协议中,且您打算使用的材料不符合法律规定或超出许可使用范围,
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引用次数: 0
Genomics resources for the Rapa Nui (Eastern Island) spiny lobster Panulirus pascuensis (Crustacea: Decapoda: Achelata) 拉帕努伊(东岛)刺龙虾(Panulirus pascuensis)(甲壳纲:十足目:刺龙虾科)的基因组学资源
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1186/s40693-024-00132-w
J. Antonio Baeza, Stacy Pirro
The Easter Island spiny lobster Panulirus pascuensis (Reed, 1954) or ‘Ura’ in the Rapa Nui language, is a little known species native to the south eastern Pacific Ocean, distributed along the coasts of Easter Island, Pitcairn Island, and the Salas y Gómez Ridge. In Easter Island, P. pascuensis is the target of a small and profitable and probably overexploited fishery. In this study, we profited from a series of bioinformatic analyses to mine biological insight from low-pass short-read next generation sequencing datasets; we have estimated genome size and ploidy in P. pascuensis using a k-mer strategy, discovered, annotated, and quantified mobile elements in the nuclear genome, assembled the 45S rRNA nuclear DNA cassette and mitochondrial chromosome, and explored the phylogenetic position of P. pascuensis within the genus Panulirus using the signal retrieved from translated mitochondrial protein coding genes. K-mer analyses predicted P. pascuensis to be diploid with a haploid genome size ranging between 2.75 Gbp (with k-mer = 51) and 3.39 Gbp (with k-mer = 18). In P. pascuensis, repetitive elements comprise at least a half and a maximum of three fourths of the nuclear genome. Almost a third (64.94%) of the repetitive elements present in the studied nuclear genome were not assigned to any known family of transposable elements. Taking into consideration only annotated repetitive elements, the most abundant were classified as Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (22.81%). Less common repetitive elements included Long Terminal Repeats (2.88%), Satellite DNA (2.66%), and DNA transposons (2.45%), among a few others. The 45S rRNA DNA cassette of P. pascuensis was partially assembled into two contigs. One contig, 2,226 bp long, encoded a partially assembled 5′ ETS the entire ssrDNA (1,861 bp), and a partial ITS1. A second contig, 6,714 bp long, encoded a partially assembled ITS1, the entire 5.8S rDNA (158 bp), the entire ITS2, the entire lsrDNA (4,938 bp), and a partial 3′ ETS (549 bp). The mitochondrial genome of P. pascuensis was 15,613 bp long and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes (12S ribosomal RNA [rrnS] and 16S ribosomal RNA [rrnL]). A phylomitogenomic analysis based on PCGs retrieved Panulirus pascuensis as sister to a fully supported clade comprising P. cygnus and P. longipes. We expect that the information generated in this study will guide the assembly of a chromosome-level nuclear genome for P. pascuensis in the near future. The newly assembled 45S rRNA nuclear DNA cassette and mitochondrial chromosome can support bioprospecting and biomonitoring of P. pascuensis using environmental DNA. The same elements can help to survey the public market place and detect mislabelling of this and other spiny lobsters. Overall, the genomic resources generated in this study will aid in supporting fisheries management and conservation strategies in this iconic spiny lobster that is likely experienc
复活节岛刺龙虾 Panulirus pascuensis(Reed,1954 年)或拉帕努伊语中的 "Ura",是一种鲜为人知的物种,原产于太平洋东南部,分布于复活节岛、皮特凯恩岛和萨拉斯-伊-戈麦斯海脊沿岸。在复活节岛,P. pascuensis 是一个小型渔业的目标,利润丰厚,很可能已被过度开发。在这项研究中,我们利用一系列生物信息学分析,从低通短线程新一代测序数据集中挖掘生物洞察力;我们利用 k-序列估计了 P. pascuensis 的基因组大小和倍性。我们利用 k-mer 策略估算了 Pascuensis 的基因组大小和倍性,发现、注释并量化了核基因组中的移动元素,组装了 45S rRNA 核 DNA 盒和线粒体染色体,并利用从翻译的线粒体蛋白编码基因中获取的信号探讨了 Pascuensis 在 Panulirus 属中的系统发育位置。K-mer 分析预测 P. pascuensis 为二倍体,单倍体基因组大小在 2.75 Gbp(k-mer = 51)和 3.39 Gbp(k-mer = 18)之间。在 P. pascuensis 中,重复元件至少占核基因组的一半,最多可达四分之三。在所研究的核基因组中,几乎有三分之一(64.94%)的重复性元件不属于任何已知的转座元件家族。仅考虑到已注释的重复元件,最丰富的重复元件被归类为长穿插核元件(22.81%)。较少见的重复元件包括长末端重复元件(2.88%)、卫星 DNA(2.66%)和 DNA 转座子(2.45%)等。P. pascuensis 的 45S rRNA DNA 盒被部分组装成两个等位基因。一个等位组长 2,226 bp,编码了部分组装的 5′ ETS、整个 ssrDNA(1,861 bp)和部分 ITS1。第二个等位组长 6,714 bp,编码部分组装的 ITS1、整个 5.8S rDNA(158 bp)、整个 ITS2、整个 lsrDNA(4,938 bp)和部分 3′ ETS(549 bp)。P. pascuensis 的线粒体基因组长 15,613 bp,包含 13 个蛋白质编码基因(PCGs)、22 个转运核糖核酸(tRNA)基因和两个核糖体 RNA 基因(12S 核糖体 RNA [rrnS] 和 16S 核糖体 RNA [rrnL])。基于 PCGs 的系统发生组分析发现,Panulirus pascuensis 是由 P. cygnus 和 P. longipes 组成的一个完全支持的支系的姐妹支系。我们希望本研究中获得的信息能在不久的将来指导 P. pascuensis 染色体级核基因组的组装。新组装的 45S rRNA 核 DNA 盒和线粒体染色体可支持利用环境 DNA 对 P. pascuensis 进行生物勘探和生物监测。同样的元素也有助于调查公共市场,发现这种龙虾和其他棘龙虾的错误标签。总之,本研究中产生的基因组资源将有助于支持渔业管理和保护策略,保护这种可能正经历过度开发的标志性棘龙虾。
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引用次数: 0
Where is dinner? The spatiality of the trophic niche of terrestrial mammalian carnivores in Chile, a systematization for their conservation 晚餐在哪里?智利陆生哺乳食肉动物营养生态位的空间性--一种保护它们的系统化方法
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1186/s40693-024-00131-x
Paulo Vallejos-Garrido, Francisca Zamora-Cornejo, Reinaldo Rivera, Francis Castillo-Ravanal, Enrique Rodríguez-Serrano
Knowing what the highest-level mammalian carnivores and intermediate levels eat throughout the geography and how human activities may affect their community dynamics is relevant information to focusing and deciding on conservation efforts within a territory. In this review, we characterize geographically the accumulated knowledge about the trophic niche of terrestrial mammalian carnivore species and evaluate the spatial relationship between the species richness distribution and the geographical distribution of their trophic knowledge in Chile. We found 88 peer-reviewed papers that include trophic studies per se, theses, and short notes carried out in Chile, where at least one trophic element was reported for terrestrial mammalian carnivore species. We found a positive relationship between the species richness distribution pattern and the spatial distribution of accumulated trophic knowledge, i.e., most of the papers have been conducted in Central-southern Chile (Central Chile and Temperate Forest ecoregions) responding to the highest co-occurrence of carnivore species within the limits of the biodiversity hotspot, the most threatened area in the country. Despite this general relationship, we recognize gaps in knowledge regarding regions of the country that require more research effort, such as O’Higgins, Maule, and Ñuble regions, as well as focus efforts on certain species with no or almost no knowledge of their trophic ecology, such as Leopardus colocola, Lyncodon patagonicus and Conepatus chinga. Except for the northern Chilean ecosystems, there is a generalized report of high consumption of exotic mammals in the diet of carnivores in the center and south of the country. However, of the 98 localities recognized in the 88 papers, 20.4% correspond to an anthropized environment, while most (79.6%) correspond to a “non-anthropized” environment or protected area. We hope this review allows researchers and decision-makers to consider the knowledge and lack thereof of carnivore trophic interactions as an opportunity to conserve entire natural communities throughout the Chilean territory.
了解最高级别的哺乳类食肉动物和中间级别的食肉动物在整个地理区域内吃什么,以及人类活动会如何影响它们的群落动态,这些都是在一个区域内关注和决定保护工作的相关信息。在这篇综述中,我们从地理角度描述了陆生哺乳类食肉动物物种营养生态位知识积累的特点,并评估了智利物种丰富度分布与其营养知识地理分布之间的空间关系。我们发现了88篇经同行评审的论文,其中包括在智利进行的营养研究本身、论文和简短笔记,这些论文至少报道了一种陆生哺乳类食肉动物物种的营养要素。我们发现,物种丰富度分布模式与所积累的营养知识的空间分布之间存在正相关关系,即大多数论文都是在智利中南部(智利中部和温带森林生态区)发表的,这与该国受威胁最严重的生物多样性热点地区范围内食肉动物物种共同出现率最高的情况相呼应。尽管存在这种普遍的关系,但我们认识到,对于智利需要进行更多研究的地区(如奥希金斯、毛勒和尼布勒地区),我们的知识还存在差距;对于某些对其营养生态学一无所知或几乎一无所知的物种,如Leopardus colocola、Lyncodon patagonicus和Conepatus chinga,我们也要集中力量进行研究。除智利北部的生态系统外,智利中部和南部的食肉动物普遍食用外来哺乳动物。然而,在88篇论文中提到的98个地点中,20.4%属于人类活动环境,而大多数(79.6%)属于 "非人类活动 "环境或保护区。我们希望这篇综述能让研究人员和决策者考虑到对食肉动物营养相互作用的了解和缺乏,并以此为契机保护智利境内的整个自然群落。
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引用次数: 0
The iconographic evolution of Patagonian and Fuegian canids 巴塔哥尼亚犬科动物和富格尔犬科动物的图腾演变
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1186/s40693-024-00129-5
Marcelo Mayorga, Natasha Barrios, César González-Lagos, Sergio A. Castro, Fabián Jaksic
We assess the putative identity of canids accompanying the Patagonian and Fuegian aborigines through an iconographic timeline encompassing 1699–1894, when a number of narratives provided written descriptions and illustrations of those aborigines and their canids. We determine what type of “dogs” were those canids, disentangling their type or breed group, to reveal their characteristics, composition, and development during that period. We searched for illustrations published by navigators and explorers where the presence of canids was reported in the historical territory of the Patagonian aborigines (Aónikenk, Kawésqar, Manek'enk, Sélk'nam, and Yahgan). We constructed a matrix to record the descriptions of all canids represented in those illustrations. Their characterization included body size, coat, tail, ears, skull, and attitude, among others. We then classified whether they were morphologically closer to domestic dogs or to foxlike canids. We used the morphological appearance of dogs to classify them into breed types, whenever possible. We identified and classified 61 canids from 26 illustrations in accounts published between 1699 and 1894. From a historical perspective, those accounts suggest that soon after the first contacts with Europeans, the Patagonian and Fuegian aborigines began to exchange and breed dogs of non-native origin, initiating an extended process of mixing between aboriginal foxlike canids and European dogs. From a cynological perspective, the foxlike canids associated with the aborigines were widely present only before 1833, exhibing an homogeneous appearance with a solid coat, pointed snout, small erect ears of high insertion, and fallen and bushy tail. After 1833, the canids depicted show a more varied appearance and mixed coat, with blunter snout, drooping ears at lower insertion, and erect fine tail with sparse hair. Most of these were hunting dogs morphologically similar to modern breeds such as pointers/setters, hounds, terriers, and retrievers.
我们通过 1699-1894 年的图标时间轴,评估了与巴塔哥尼亚和富埃吉尼土著人相伴的犬科动物的假定身份,当时的一些叙述提供了关于这些土著人及其犬科动物的书面描述和插图。我们确定了这些犬科动物的 "犬 "的类型,区分了它们的类型或品种群,以揭示它们在这一时期的特征、组成和发展。我们搜索了航海家和探险家发表的插图,这些插图都报道了在巴塔哥尼亚原住民(Aónikenk、Kawésqar、Manek'enk、Sélk'nam 和 Yahgan)的历史领地上存在犬科动物。我们建立了一个矩阵,记录这些插图中所有犬科动物的描述。它们的特征包括体型、皮毛、尾巴、耳朵、头骨和姿态等。然后,我们对它们在形态上更接近家犬还是类似狐狸的犬科动物进行了分类。在可能的情况下,我们利用狗的形态外观将它们划分为不同的品种类型。我们从 1699 年至 1894 年间出版的描述中的 26 幅插图中识别出 61 种犬科动物并进行了分类。从历史的角度来看,这些记载表明,在与欧洲人首次接触后不久,巴塔哥尼亚和富埃吉尼土著就开始交换和饲养非本地犬类,从而开启了土著狐科犬类与欧洲犬类的长期混合过程。从犬科动物学的角度来看,与原住民有关的狐狸犬在 1833 年前才广泛出现,它们的外观非常一致,有坚实的被毛、尖尖的鼻子、高高竖起的小耳朵以及下垂而茂密的尾巴。1833 年之后,被描绘的犬科动物的外观和被毛更加多样化,吻部较钝、耳朵下垂、尾巴直立且毛发稀疏。这些犬类中的大多数都是猎犬,在形态上与指北犬/猎犬、猎犬、梗犬和猎犬等现代犬种相似。
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引用次数: 0
Vascular flora of Punta Arenas city: comparative analysis of composition, life forms, and biogeographic origins 蓬塔阿雷纳斯市的维管植物区系:成分、生命形式和生物地理起源的比较分析
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1186/s40693-024-00128-6
Sergio A. Castro, Gloria Rojas, Fabián M. Jaksic
The composition of the vascular flora in Punta Arenas city, found in the city’s public spaces, was studied. The species were identified and recorded in a database, which was supplemented with information on taxonomic classification, growth habit, Raunkiaer’s life form, origin status (native or exotic), and original continent-level distribution. These data were compared with studies conducted in five other cities in central Chile, together with an analysis of compositional similarity with these cities, by using the additive complement of Simpson’s index (1– βsim). In Punta Arenas, 119 species were identified, showing a higher proportion of Gymnosperms compared to central Chilean cities. The most represented families were Asteraceae (16 species), Fabaceae (14), Rosaceae (14), Poaceae (12), and Pinaceae (10), which together accounted for 55% of the floristic richness. The compositional similarity between Punta Arenas and the other central Chilean cities ranged from 0.187 to 0.315, showing lower similarity than expected by chance (Montecarlo randomization test; P < 0.05). The primary origin distribution of Punta Arenas’ vascular flora was European, unlike central Chilean cities where it was Asian. Finally, the proportion of exotic species (91.6%) and the number of exotic species per native species (16 exotics/native) were the highest documented for cities in Chile and higher than in other 114 cities worldwide. These results indicate that Punta Arenas’ urban flora differs from the flora in central Chilean cities, not only in taxonomic composition but also in growth habit, biogeographical origin, and high level of exoticism. These differences are likely due to the city’s territorial isolation and extreme southern location (53°S), leading to a unique urban flora configuration.
对蓬塔阿雷纳斯市公共场所的维管植物区系组成进行了研究。研究人员对这些物种进行了鉴定,并将其记录在数据库中,同时还补充了有关分类学分类、生长习性、Raunkiaer 的生活形态、原产地状态(本地或外来)以及原始大陆分布的信息。这些数据与在智利中部其他五个城市进行的研究进行了比较,并利用辛普森指数的加法补码(1- βsim)分析了与这些城市的组成相似性。在蓬塔阿雷纳斯,共鉴定出 119 个物种,与智利中部城市相比,其表现出更高的裸子植物比例。代表种类最多的科是菊科(16 种)、豆科(14 种)、蔷薇科(14 种)、蒲葵科(12 种)和松科(10 种),共占植物丰富度的 55%。蓬塔阿雷纳斯与智利中部其他城市的植物组成相似度介于 0.187 至 0.315 之间,相似度低于偶然性(蒙特卡洛随机检验;P < 0.05)。蓬塔阿雷纳斯维管植物区系的主要原产地分布是欧洲,而智利中部城市则是亚洲。最后,外来物种的比例(91.6%)和外来物种与本地物种的比例(16:16)在智利城市中最高,也高于全球其他114个城市。这些结果表明,蓬塔阿雷纳斯的城市植物区系与智利中部城市的植物区系不同,不仅在分类组成上不同,而且在生长习性、生物地理起源和高度外来性方面也不同。这些差异可能是由于蓬塔阿雷纳斯与世隔绝,且地处极南位置(南纬 53°),从而形成了独特的城市植物区系结构。
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引用次数: 0
Density, abundance, and activity of the chilla or grey fox (Lycalopex griseus) in Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Chile 智利火地岛大岛灰狐(Lycalopex griseus)的密度、丰度和活动情况
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1186/s40693-024-00126-8
Carlos Zurita, Javier Oporto, Ignacio Valverde, Borja Bernales, Nicolás Soto, Jaime R. Rau, Fabián M. Jaksic
The chilla or grey fox (Lycalopex griseus) is a native species from continental Chile and neighboring areas of Argentina. It was introduced to Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego in 1951 and began to increase its abundance, to the chagrin of local sheep ranchers. Since 1998, its hunting has been authorized. Here we update information on the density, abundance, and activity of this fox in the Chilean sector of Tierra del Fuego Island, to evaluate its population trend since the last census conducted by the Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG) in 2007. We carried out two fox censuses on a 941-km transect on public roads, divided into eight routes, from October to November (spring) of 2021 and 2022, following the same design used by SAG for the fox assessments carried out from 1999 to 2007. We report a reduction of > 50% in the density and abundance of chilla foxes with respect to the 2007 estimate, which could be attributed to the interference by free-ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), through restricting the use of space by the fox, while transmitting diseases and parasites, and to human hunting pressure and vehicle collisions. The chilla fox decline highlights the need for an in-depth study to determine the ecological and socioeconomic impact of this exotic species on the ecosystems of Tierra del Fuego Island and the desirability of its management, if needed.
灰狐(Lycalopex griseus)是智利大陆和阿根廷邻近地区的原生物种。1951 年,它被引入火地岛大岛,并开始大量繁殖,这让当地的牧羊人十分懊恼。自 1998 年起,该物种被允许猎杀。在此,我们更新了火地岛智利地区狐狸的密度、丰度和活动情况,以评估自 2007 年农业和牧业服务局(SAG)进行上一次普查以来狐狸的数量变化趋势。2021 年和 2022 年 10 月至 11 月(春季),我们在公共道路上进行了两次狐狸普查,全长 941 公里,分为 8 条路线。我们的报告显示,与 2007 年的估计值相比,奇拉狐的密度和数量减少了 50%以上,这可能是由于自由放养的狗(Canis lupus familiaris)在传播疾病和寄生虫的同时限制了狐狸对空间的利用,以及人类的狩猎压力和车辆碰撞造成的干扰。奇拉狐的减少凸显了深入研究的必要性,以确定这一外来物种对火地岛生态系统的生态和社会经济影响,以及必要时对其进行管理的可取性。
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引用次数: 0
Seascape connectivity: ontogenetic migration for Haemulon flavolineatum 海景连通性:Haemulon flavolineatum 的本体迁移
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1186/s40693-024-00125-9
Diana Carolina Rodriguez-Torres, Alberto Acosta
In the seascape, species migrate between ecosystems to complete their life cycles, and such ontogenetic migrations create functional connections between ecosystems. Nevertheless, the scarcity of information on patch distribution, species life history and ecology limits its application in Marine Protected Areas (MPA) management. We use a potential connectivity network approach to analyze how Haemulon flavolineatum might move through a complex and diverse seascape by simulating part of its life cycle migrations among three ecosystems (reef, mangrove, and seagrass) in the MPA of Bahía Portete-Kaurrele (BPK), Colombia. We used available ecosystem cover maps to conduct habitat fragmentation analyses and evaluate structural connectivity in BPK using eight indices that describe ecosystem patches and how they are related. With published information on the H. flavolineatum home range and its ontogenetic migration distances, we estimated the potential functional connectivity (CONNECT and migration distances) between ecosystems by building bipartite graphs. The benthic habitat configuration of the BPK could allow Haemulon flavolineatum to complete at least two stages of its life cycle (stage 5 mangroves to reefs being more likely than stage 4 seagrass to mangroves). Ontogenetic migrations is possible since, patches of different ecosystems were highly intermixed (76%) rather than grouped (58%); reefs showed higher values of structural indices (patch area, largest patch, shape complexity, functional links) than mangrove (shortest distance to the nearest neighbor) and seagrass (representativeness); and juveniles migrate from mangroves to reef patches along the bay, but they could be isolated by distance when moving from particular seagrass to mangrove patches. Our methodological approach, which integrates ecological information (evidence-based ranges of species migration distances between habitat patches) and the seascape (spatial configuration of habitat patches and fragmentation) is novel for a marine fish species with ontogenetic migration to search for the likelihood of completing its life cycle stages. We discuss the need for ecological information on French grunts and the need to validate future models and scenarios.
在海景中,物种在生态系统之间迁移以完成其生命周期,这种本体迁移在生态系统之间建立了功能联系。然而,由于缺乏有关斑块分布、物种生活史和生态学的信息,限制了其在海洋保护区(MPA)管理中的应用。我们采用潜在连通性网络方法,通过模拟哥伦比亚波尔蒂特-考雷勒湖(BPK)海洋保护区内三个生态系统(珊瑚礁、红树林和海草)之间的部分生命周期迁移,来分析 Haemulon flavolineatum 如何在复杂多样的海景中移动。我们利用现有的生态系统覆盖图进行了栖息地破碎化分析,并使用描述生态系统斑块及其相互关系的八个指数评估了BPK的结构连通性。根据已公布的黄线鲃原生地及其本体迁移距离的信息,我们通过构建双方格图估算了生态系统之间潜在的功能连通性(CONNECT和迁移距离)。BPK 的底栖生境配置可使 Haemulon flavolineatum 完成其生命周期的至少两个阶段(从红树林到珊瑚礁的第 5 阶段比从海草到红树林的第 4 阶段更有可能)。不同生态系统的斑块高度混合(76%),而不是分组(58%);礁石的结构指数(斑块面积、最大斑块、形状复杂性、功能联系)高于红树林(到最近邻居的最短距离)和海草(代表性);幼体沿海湾从红树林迁移到礁石斑块,但当它们从特定的海草斑块迁移到红树林斑块时,可能会被距离隔离。我们的方法综合了生态信息(基于证据的栖息地斑块间物种洄游距离范围)和海景(栖息地斑块和破碎化的空间配置),这对于具有本体洄游的海洋鱼类来说是新颖的,可用于寻找完成其生命周期各阶段的可能性。我们讨论了对法国噜噜鱼生态信息的需求以及验证未来模型和方案的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
The rare Fuegian fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) from the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago: history of discovery, geographic distribution, and socio-ecological aspects 火地岛群岛的珍稀狐狸(Lycalopex culpaeus):发现史、地理分布和社会生态学方面的问题
IF 2.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1186/s40693-024-00124-w
Fabian M. Jaksic, Carlos Zurita, Cristóbal Briceño, Jaime E. Jiménez
The Fuegian fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) is a rare inhabitant of the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago on account of: (a) It is the southernmost Canid in the world. (b) It is the second largest, heaviest, and tallest native Canid in South America. (c) It is currently scarce in northern Tierra del Fuego. (d) It may have been tamed by the Selk’nam natives. Based on chronicles and scientific reports we document the timeline since discovery of the distinctive and island-confined Fuegian fox. We pay attention to its patchwork distribution within the Fuegian archipelago, with populations spread on the large Tierra del Fuego Island (Fuegia) and on two smaller ones, Hoste and Gable. This fox seems to have disappeared recently from the latter and historic records from Navarino Island are dubious. We provide new distributional records and unpublished photographs. Among the socio-ecological aspects studied, we highlight the relationships of this fox with two local indigenous people: The Yahgan and the Selk´nam. The introduction of sheep Ovis aries in 1885 and the ensuing persecution of its putative predators apparently caused the fox decline from the northern half of Fuegia. The introduction of the continental Chilla fox Lycalopex griseus in 1951 further impacted the Fuegian fox, apparently by competition for food but perhaps also by diseases. It is currently concentrated in the southern half of Tierra del Fuego Island. The possibility that the Selk’nam introduced this fox from the mainland and that they tamed it, is also discussed.
火地岛狐狸(Lycalopex culpaeus)是火地岛群岛的稀有居民,原因是(a) 它是世界上最南端的犬科动物。(b) 它是南美洲第二大、最重和最高的原生犬科动物。(c) 目前在火地岛北部很少见。(d) 它可能已被塞尔克纳姆人驯服。在编年史和科学报告的基础上,我们记录了自发现这种独特的、局限于岛屿的火地岛狐狸以来的发展历程。我们注意到它在火地岛群岛内的零星分布,种群分布在大火地岛(Fuegia)和两个较小的火地岛(Hoste 和 Gable)上。这种狐狸最近似乎已从霍斯特岛消失,而纳瓦里诺岛的历史记录也很可疑。我们提供了新的分布记录和未发表的照片。在研究的社会生态方面,我们强调了这种狐狸与两个当地土著人的关系:Yahgan人和Selk´nam人。1885 年引进绵羊 Ovis aries 以及随之而来的对其天敌的迫害显然导致狐狸在 Fuegia 北半部减少。1951 年引进的大陆奇拉狐 Lycalopex griseus 进一步影响了富吉尼亚狐狸,这显然是由于对食物的竞争,但也可能是由于疾病。目前,这种狐狸主要集中在火地岛的南半部。此外,还讨论了塞尔克纳姆人从大陆引进这种狐狸并对其进行驯化的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropogenic nesting sites and density of Burrowing Parrot (Cyanoliseus patagonus) in northern Argentinian Patagonia 阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚北部穴居鹦鹉(Cyanoliseus patagonus)的人为筑巢地点和密度
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1186/s40693-023-00123-3
Daiana N. Lera, Natalia Cozzani, José L. Tella, Sergio Zalba
Abstract Background The expansion of human activities and the development of urban centers are among the main driving forces accounting for the transformation and loss of natural environments. At the same time, and especially for some birds, anthropogenic activity provides new habitat resources. This is the case of the Burrowing Parrot ( Cyanoliseus patagonus ), in and around Bahía Blanca, a city of ca. 335,000 inhabitants in northern Argentinian Patagonia, where urban and rural quarries and constructed ravines on roadsides are where most of its reproductive activity occurs. Methods In this study we monitored anthropogenic nesting sites and estimated the number of breeding pairs from 2018 to 2023 through censuses conducted annually in 23 colonies within a radius of up to 20 km from the communal roost located in the city. Results Most of the nesting sites (57%), and the breeding pairs (60 to 80%) were in urban environments, and the remaining in rural areas. Ravines along roadsides and quarries represented the substrate that was most frequently used for nesting. Mean nest density was significantly higher in roadside ravines compared to quarries, and, in turn, higher in urban roadsides compared to rural roadsides. Conclusion Anthropogenic substrates appear as key components for the reproduction of the species, with possible effects on its numbers. The ability of the Burrowing Parrot to reproduce on artificial substrates in the urban environment, and especially the rapid colonization of recently opened sites, represents a new perspective for the conservation and management of its populations.
人类活动的扩张和城市中心的发展是造成自然环境变化和丧失的主要驱动力。与此同时,特别是对某些鸟类来说,人类活动提供了新的栖息地资源。这是一种穴居鹦鹉(Cyanoliseus patagonus)的情况,它生活在Bahía布兰卡及其周围,布兰卡是阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚北部一个约有33.5万居民的城市,城市和农村的采石场以及路边的人工沟谷是它大部分繁殖活动发生的地方。在本研究中,我们监测了人工筑巢地点,并通过每年在距离城市公共栖息地20公里半径内的23个群落中进行普查,估计了2018年至2023年的繁殖对数量。结果绝大多数的筑巢地(57%)和繁殖对(60 ~ 80%)在城市环境中,其余在农村环境中。沿着路边的沟壑和采石场代表了最常用于筑巢的基质。与采石场相比,路边沟壑的平均巢密度显著高于采石场,而城市路边的平均巢密度也高于农村路边。结论人为底物是该物种繁殖的关键因素,可能影响其数量。在城市环境中,穴鹦鹉在人工基质上繁殖的能力,特别是在新开放的场地上的快速殖民化,代表了其种群保护和管理的新视角。
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引用次数: 1
Historical and current knowledge of the Magellanic tuco-tuco Ctenomys magellanicus in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, South America 南美巴塔哥尼亚和火地岛麦哲伦巨蜥的历史和现状
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1186/s40693-023-00122-4
Fabian M. Jaksic
Abstract Background I review the natural history of the tuco-tuco Ctenomys magellanicus in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, southernmost geographic regions shared by Argentina and Chile. By natural history I mean both historical records and ecological features of this gregarious burrowing rodent. Methods and results I conducted a selective review of the natural history of C. magellanicus , as recorded in mainstream journals and proceedings, landmark monographs and books, and internet sources. I report results on: (a) Original description, (b) Diversity and distribution, (c) Life history, (d) Interactions with plants and herbivorous competitors, (e) Interactions with predators other than humans, (f) Interactions with humans, and (g) Abundance and conservation. I also enter the anthropology field, but I only touch the archeology field. Although this review is not on the systematics of C. magellanicus , I do provide an updated overview of the phylogenetics-based taxonomy of the genus where it belongs. Discussion There is a rather large body of literature on C. magellanicus, comprising the fields of anthropology, archeology, biogeography, biology, ecology, and systematics. These areas are broadly covered but thinly treated, offering interesting opportunities for further research. For instance, on adaptation, evolution, and environmental impact of the southernmost burrowing rodent in the world and its cultural impact on vanishing native peoples, especially the Selk’nam.
摘要背景对阿根廷和智利最南端地理区域巴塔哥尼亚和火地岛的麦哲伦鹬(Ctenomys magellanicus)的自然历史进行了研究。我说的自然史是指这种群居穴居啮齿动物的历史记录和生态特征。方法与结果对主流期刊和论文集、具有里程碑意义的专著和书籍以及网络资源中记录的麦哲伦(C. magellanicus)自然史进行了选择性回顾。我报告的结果是:(a)原始描述,(b)多样性和分布,(c)生活史,(d)与植物和草食性竞争对手的相互作用,(e)与人类以外的捕食者的相互作用,(f)与人类的相互作用,以及(g)丰度和保护。我也进入人类学领域,但我只接触考古领域。虽然这篇综述不是关于麦哲伦的系统学,但我确实提供了它所属属的基于系统发育的分类的最新概述。关于麦哲伦虫的文献相当多,包括人类学、考古学、生物地理学、生物学、生态学和系统学等领域。这些领域被广泛覆盖,但研究较少,为进一步研究提供了有趣的机会。例如,关于世界上最南端的穴居啮齿动物的适应、进化和环境影响,以及它对正在消失的土著民族,特别是塞尔克南人的文化影响。
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引用次数: 0
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