温带牧场或集中牛肉生产系统:阉牛性能、肉类营养价值、土地利用、食品饲料竞争、经济和环境可持续性

Peter Doyle, Edward G O'Riordan, Mark McGee, Paul Crosson, Alan K Kelly, Aidan Moloney
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摘要

目的是评估温带牧场乳牛断奶制牛肉系统中使用或不使用(纯饲料)精料的阉牛性能、肉类营养价值、土地利用、食品饲料竞争以及经济和环境可持续性。断奶后8月龄的晚熟阉牛(333公斤)被分配到以下三种系统中的一种:(1)草料青贮+ 1.2公斤精料DM(148天),然后是牧草(123天),最后是自由采食精料(120天)-屠宰年龄21个月(GRAIN);(2)按(1)但牧场(196 d),饲喂自由青贮草地+ 3.5 kg精料DM (124 d) -屠宰日龄,24个月(SIL + GRAIN);(3)全青贮(148 d)、全青贮(196 d)、全青贮(140 d)、全放牧(97 d) -屠宰年龄28月龄(饲料)。每个系统的平均目标胴体重为390公斤。生成的数据用于参数化农场级牛肉系统模型。籽粒、SIL +籽粒和饲粮的精料干物质采食量分别为1187、606和0 kg/头。仅供饲料(FORAGE)系统具有几个优点,包括提高农场盈利能力,增强肉类脂肪酸分布,并且只使用不可食用的人类饲料。因此,每生产一种人类净食用食品的相关温室气体(GHG)排放量对草料更有利。然而,与GRAIN相比,饲草系统的屠宰年龄更大,相关的牧场土地利用和每头动物的温室气体排放量增加,肉重增加和必需氨基酸增加。因此,不可避免地存在权衡,因为一个牛肉系统并不能改善所有的可持续性和温室气体排放指标。
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Temperate pasture- or concentrate-beef production systems: steer performance, meat nutritional value, land-use, food–feed competition, economic and environmental sustainability
The objective was to evaluate steer performance, meat nutritional value, land-use, food–feed competition and both economic and environmental sustainability within temperate pasture-based suckler weanling-to-beef systems with or without (forage-only) concentrates. Post-weaning, 8-month-old, late-maturing breed steers (333 kg) were assigned to one of three systems: (1) grass silage + 1.2 kg concentrate DM (148 days), followed by pasture (123 days) and finished on ad libitum concentrates (120 days) – slaughter age, 21 months (GRAIN); (2) as per (1) but pasture (196 days) and finished on grass silage ad libitum + 3.5 kg concentrate DM (124 days) – slaughter age, 24 months (SIL + GRAIN); and (3) grass silage-only (148 days), pasture (196 days), silage-only (140 days) and finished on pasture (97 days) – slaughter age, 28 months (FORAGE). The mean target carcass weight was 390 kg for each system. Data generated were used to parameterize a farm-level beef systems model. Concentrate DM intake was 1187, 606 and 0 kg/head for GRAIN, SIL + GRAIN and FORAGE, respectively. The forage-only (FORAGE) system offers several advantages, including improved farm profitability, enhanced meat fatty acid profile and only utilized inedible human feed. Consequently, associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per net human edible food produced were more favourable for FORAGE. However, compared to GRAIN, the FORAGE system had an older age at slaughter and associated increased pasture land-use and GHG emissions per animal, meat weight gain and essential amino acids gain. There are therefore inevitable trade-offs, as one beef system does not improve all sustainability and GHG emission metrics.
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