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Using multivariate analysis to predict carcass characteristics of lambs in grazing and supplemented with different levels of non-protein nitrogen 利用多元分析预测放牧和补充不同水平非蛋白氮的羔羊的胴体特征
Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000303
Francisca Fernanda da Silva Roberto, Neila Lidiany Ribeiro, Gelson dos Santos Difante, Diego Gomes Freire Guidolin, Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo, Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo, Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues, Marislayne de Gusmão Pereira, Roberto Germano Costa

The aim of this study is to assess the effects of substituting soybean meal with extruded urea in the diet of crossbred Texel x no defined racial pattern lambs under continuous grazing on Brachiaria ssp., focusing on both their productive and nutritional performance. 60 Texel crossbred lambs (12 animals for each treatment) were used, with an average initial weight of 20.7 ± 0.87 kg and an average age of 2.5 ± 0.70 months, fed treatments with increasing levels of UE (Urea extruded Amireia® 200S): 0; 6; 12; 18 and 24 grams of EU 100/kg of body weight, with trial period was 5 months, using the multivariate technique. The data were subjected to principal component and canonical discriminant analysis to check possible differences between the evaluated treatments and identify the variables that best discriminate and use these variables to create a discriminant function that represents the differences between treatments. Of the 12 variables initially used, we observed that 9 were used by the main components, but 6 were those that presented the greatest discriminatory power for the study. Main component 1 was characterized by biometric measurements and showed the greatest power of variation in the study (60%), followed by main component 2, represented by slaughter weight and empty body weight (13%). These correlations indicate that biometric measurements can serve as reliable indirect indicators for estimating carcass traits in sheep, offering a practical alternative to visual assessments.

本研究的目的是评估在德克塞尔×无特定种族模式杂交羔羊日粮中用挤压尿素替代豆粕对其生产性能和营养性能的影响。采用多变量技术,对 60 只德克塞尔杂交羔羊(每种处理 12 只)进行试验,初始体重平均为 20.7 ± 0.87 千克,平均年龄为 2.5 ± 0.70 个月,饲喂 UE(挤压尿素 Amireia® 200S)水平递增的处理:0、6、12、18 和 24 克 EU 100/千克体重,试验期为 5 个月。对数据进行了主成分分析和典型判别分析,以检查所评估的治疗方法之间可能存在的差异,确定判别能力最强的变量,并利用这些变量创建一个判别函数,以表示不同治疗方法之间的差异。在最初使用的 12 个变量中,我们发现有 9 个被主要成分使用,但有 6 个是对研究具有最大区分力的变量。主成分 1 以生物测量为特征,在研究中显示出最大的变异能力(60%),其次是主成分 2,以屠宰体重和空体重为代表(13%)。这些相关性表明,生物测量可作为估计绵羊胴体性状的可靠间接指标,为目测评估提供了一种实用的替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
Energy supplementation of beef steers or inclusion of legumes in temperate pastures in crop-livestock integration area 在作物-牲畜一体化地区的温带牧场中为肉牛补充能量或添加豆科植物
Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000297
Fernanda Bernardi Scheeren, Laércio Ricardo Sartor, Mirella Danna, Fernando Kuss, Wagner Paris, Alessandra Bianchin, Nathalia Marques Andriotti, Luís Fernando Glasenapp de Menezes

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引用次数: 0
Direct and maternal genetic parameters for growth traits in Jersey crossbred cattle 泽西杂交牛生长性状的直接遗传参数和母系遗传参数
Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000285
Nunhlupuii Vangchhia, Indrajit Gayari, Mokidur Rahman, Sylvia Lalhmingmawii, Champak Bhakat, Hasan Baneh, Ajoy Mandal

Growth data on Jersey crossbred calves, maintained at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India, were collected and analysed to assess the influence of maternal effects on growth traits of calves. Traits considered for this study were birth weight (BW) and weights at 3 months (W3M), 6 months (W6M), 9 months (W9M) and 12 months (W12M) of age. Least-squares analyses were employed to obtain the effects of non-genetic factors on the traits of interest. Determination of influence of maternal effects on growth traits was estimated by fitting three univariate animal models (including or excluding maternal effects) using Bayesian approach. The most appropriate model for each trait was selected based on Deviance Information Criterion. Direct heritability (h2) estimates for BW, W3M, W6M, W9M and W12M were 0.31 ± 0.08, 0.26 ± 0.10, 0.48 ± 0.10, 0.44 ± 0.11 and 0.39 ± 0.14, respectively, under the best model. Permanent environmental maternal effects (c2) varied from 0.04 to 0.12 for all traits. Existence of maternal effects for all ages reflects the importance of maternal components for these traits. Moderate to high heritability estimates for growth traits indicate the possibility of modest genetic progress for these traits through selection under prevalent management system.

收集并分析了饲养在印度西孟加拉邦纳迪亚Kalyani的ICAR-国家奶牛研究所东部地区站的泽西杂交犊牛的生长数据,以评估母本效应对犊牛生长性状的影响。本研究考虑的性状包括出生体重(BW)以及3月龄(W3M)、6月龄(W6M)、9月龄(W9M)和12月龄(W12M)时的体重。采用最小二乘法分析得出非遗传因素对相关性状的影响。利用贝叶斯方法,通过拟合三个单变量动物模型(包括或排除母体效应)来确定母体效应对生长性状的影响。根据偏差信息标准为每个性状选择最合适的模型。在最佳模型下,BW、W3M、W6M、W9M 和 W12M 的直接遗传率(h2)估计值分别为 0.31 ± 0.08、0.26 ± 0.10、0.48 ± 0.10、0.44 ± 0.11 和 0.39 ± 0.14。所有性状的永久环境母本效应(c2)从 0.04 到 0.12 不等。各年龄段母本效应的存在反映了母本成分对这些性状的重要性。生长性状的遗传率估计值从中度到高度不等,这表明在普遍的管理制度下,通过选择有可能使这些性状的遗传率略有提高。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of breed and genomic inbreeding on milk, fat and protein lactation yields and fertility traits in pasture-based dairy cows in Argentina 阿根廷牧场奶牛品种和基因组近亲繁殖对牛奶、脂肪和蛋白质泌乳产量及繁殖力特征的影响
Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000273
M. J. Beribe, H. A. Carignano, Mario Andrés Poli, N. Lopez-Villalobos
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引用次数: 0
Effect of using hydroxychloride as a copper source on performance, eggshell quality, tibia properties, mineral excretion, and antioxidant capacity of yolk in layer quails 使用羟基盐酸盐作为铜源对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋壳质量、胫骨特性、矿物质排泄和蛋黄抗氧化能力的影响
Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000236
Esra Tuğçe Gül, Osman Olgun, Gözde Kılınç, Fatih Gökmen, Alpönder Yıldız, Veli Uygur, Behlül Sevim, Ainhoa Sarmiento-García

This research aimed to examine the impact of varying levels of dietary copper (Cu) hydroxychloride on the performance, egg quality, yolk antioxidant capacity, tibia traits, and mineral excretion in laying quails. 125 female 10-week-old quails were randomly distributed into five experimental groups with five replicates, each consisting of five quails. Five experimental isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were designed to contain different Cu hydroxychloride (54% Cu) levels at 7.20 (basal diet), 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/kg respectively. Quails were fed with trial diets for 12 weeks. Performance, egg production, eggshell quality, and biomechanical traits of the tibia were not impacted (P > 0.005) by variations in dietary Cu levels. Yolk antioxidant capacity, measured as yolk DPPH value, exhibited an increase (P < 0.01) in the high-dose group (60 mg/kg). Regarding tibia mineral concentration, Cu concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing Cu level, manganese and zinc content recorded the highest values in quails that had received 60 mg/kg Cu in the diet (P < 0.01), while the lowest phosphorus content was described for 45 and 60 mg/kg. Contrarily, increases (P < 0.01) in dietary Cu resulted in raised faecal Cu content, while phosphorus, manganese, and zinc, were reduced when Cu was added. It can be inferred that adding Cu to the diet of laying quails would not be necessary, which in turn decreases Cu excretion and prevents substantial environmental harm.

本研究旨在探讨不同水平的日粮盐酸铜(Cu)对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、卵黄抗氧化能力、胫骨性状和矿物质排泄的影响。125 只 10 周龄的雌性鹌鹑被随机分为 5 个实验组,每个组有 5 个重复。设计了五种等氮等能试验日粮,分别含有 7.20(基础日粮)、15、30、45 和 60 毫克/千克的不同水平的盐酸铜(含铜 54%)。用试验日粮喂养鹌鹑 12 周。日粮中铜含量的变化对鹌鹑的生产性能、产蛋量、蛋壳质量和胫骨的生物力学特征没有影响(P > 0.005)。以卵黄 DPPH 值衡量的卵黄抗氧化能力在高剂量组(60 毫克/千克)中有所提高(P < 0.01)。在胫骨矿物质浓度方面,随着铜含量的增加,铜浓度呈线性下降(P <0.001),日粮中铜含量为 60 毫克/千克的鹌鹑锰和锌含量最高(P <0.01),而磷含量为 45 毫克/千克和 60 毫克/千克的鹌鹑最低。相反,日粮中铜含量的增加(P< 0.01)导致粪中铜含量的增加,而磷、锰和锌的含量则在添加铜时减少。由此可以推断,没有必要在产蛋鹌鹑的日粮中添加铜,这样可以减少铜的排泄,避免对环境造成严重危害。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of epiphytic microbiota in red clover and alfalfa on silage fermentation products, bacterial community diversity and functionality of oat 评估红三叶和紫花苜蓿中的附生微生物群对青贮发酵产物、细菌群落多样性和燕麦功能的影响
Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000212
Siran Wang, Junfeng Li, Jie Zhao, Zhihao Dong, Mudasir Nazar, Niaz Ali Kaka, Ziqun Lin, Tao Shao

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the contribution of epiphytic microbiota on alfalfa (AL), oat (OT), and red clover (RC) to ensiling characteristics and bacterial community diversity of oat. With the irradiation of γ-ray, sterile OT (~233 g/kg dry matter (DM)) was inoculated by sterile water (STOT), epiphytic microbiota from OT (OTOT), AL (OTAL) and RC (OTRC), respectively. Triplicate silage-bags for each treatment were sampled after different days (1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60) of fermentation, respectively. Similar chemical compositions were found between fresh oat and STOT. Lower (P < 0.05) contents of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and higher (P < 0.05) accumulation of lactic acid were found in OTAL compared with OTRC and OTOT on day 3. The greatest (P < 0.05) NH3-N, acetic acid concentrations and pH and the lowest (P < 0.05) concentration of lactic acid were found in OTRC on day 60. After 3 days of ensiling, Lactobacillus accounted for a big proportion in OTAL and OTOT, and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium was predominant in OTRC. The bacterial communities in OTAL and OTOT had lower (P < 0.05) abundances of ‘Genetic Information Processing’ than OTRC after 3 days. Overall, the composition, diversity, and activity of epiphytic microbiota can notably influence the ensiling characteristics of forage oat. The lactic acid bacteria (hetero-fermentative type) and Enterobacteriaceae species played an important role in producing ethanol contents during the ensiling of forage oat.

本实验的目的是评估紫花苜蓿(AL)、燕麦(OT)和红三叶(RC)上的附生微生物群对燕麦的贮藏特性和细菌群落多样性的贡献。在γ射线照射下,用无菌水(STOT)接种无菌燕麦(约 233 克/千克干物质(DM)),并分别接种来自燕麦(OTOT)、苜蓿(OTAL)和红三叶(RC)的附生微生物群(OTRC)。在发酵的不同天数(1、3、7、15、30 和 60 天)后,分别对每种处理的三份青贮袋进行取样。新鲜燕麦和 STOT 的化学成分相似。在第 3 天,与 OTRC 和 OTOT 相比,OTAL 的氨氮(NH3-N)含量较低(P < 0.05),乳酸积累较高(P < 0.05)。第 60 天,OTRC 的 NH3-N、乙酸浓度和 pH 值最高(P < 0.05),乳酸浓度最低(P < 0.05)。腌制 3 天后,乳酸菌在 OTAL 和 OTOT 中占很大比例,而 Hafnia-Obesumbacterium 在 OTRC 中占主导地位。3 天后,OTAL 和 OTOT 中细菌群落的 "遗传信息处理 "丰度低于 OTRC(P < 0.05)。总之,附生微生物群的组成、多样性和活性会显著影响饲用燕麦的贮藏特性。乳酸菌(异位发酵型)和肠杆菌科细菌在饲用燕麦的制备过程中产生乙醇含量方面发挥了重要作用。
{"title":"Evaluation of epiphytic microbiota in red clover and alfalfa on silage fermentation products, bacterial community diversity and functionality of oat","authors":"Siran Wang, Junfeng Li, Jie Zhao, Zhihao Dong, Mudasir Nazar, Niaz Ali Kaka, Ziqun Lin, Tao Shao","doi":"10.1017/s0021859624000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859624000212","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the contribution of epiphytic microbiota on alfalfa (AL), oat (OT), and red clover (RC) to ensiling characteristics and bacterial community diversity of oat. With the irradiation of <span>γ</span>-ray, sterile OT (~233 g/kg dry matter (DM)) was inoculated by sterile water (STOT), epiphytic microbiota from OT (OTOT), AL (OTAL) and RC (OTRC), respectively. Triplicate silage-bags for each treatment were sampled after different days (1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60) of fermentation, respectively. Similar chemical compositions were found between fresh oat and STOT. Lower (<span>P</span> &lt; 0.05) contents of ammonia nitrogen (NH<span>3</span>-N) and higher (<span>P</span> &lt; 0.05) accumulation of lactic acid were found in OTAL compared with OTRC and OTOT on day 3. The greatest (<span>P</span> &lt; 0.05) NH<span>3</span>-N, acetic acid concentrations and pH and the lowest (<span>P</span> &lt; 0.05) concentration of lactic acid were found in OTRC on day 60. After 3 days of ensiling, <span>Lactobacillus</span> accounted for a big proportion in OTAL and OTOT, and <span>Hafnia-Obesumbacterium</span> was predominant in OTRC. The bacterial communities in OTAL and OTOT had lower (<span>P</span> &lt; 0.05) abundances of ‘Genetic Information Processing’ than OTRC after 3 days. Overall, the composition, diversity, and activity of epiphytic microbiota can notably influence the ensiling characteristics of forage oat. The lactic acid bacteria (hetero-fermentative type) and Enterobacteriaceae species played an important role in producing ethanol contents during the ensiling of forage oat.</p>","PeriodicalId":501199,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of fermentation profiles, bacterial community structure, and bacterial β-carotene synthesis of alfalfa silage treated with propionic acid or its combination with squalene 用丙酸或其与角鲨烯的组合处理苜蓿青贮饲料的发酵概况、细菌群落结构和细菌β-胡萝卜素合成的研究
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000194
C. Zong, Wanqi Jiang, Tao Shao, Qinhua Liu
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引用次数: 0
The distance from tree legumes in silvopastoral systems modifies the litter in grass-composed pastures 林牧系统中与豆科植物的距离会改变草地上的枯草量
Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000200
Amanda Maria Gallindo dos Santos, Jose Carlos Batista Dubeux, Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos, Suellen Brandão de Miranda Costa, Diego de Lima Côelho, Erick Rodrigo da Silva Santos, Naligia Gomes de Miranda e Silva, Bárbara Marcélia Martins de Oliveira, Valéria Xavier de Oliveira Apolinário, Janerson José Coelho

The use of silvopastoral systems with tree legumes is a viable alternative to recover and develop pastures, as they add N to the system influencing pasture growth. This study hypothesized that the herbage and litter of signalgrass (Urochloa decumbens Stapf) is affected by legume trees in the pasture. Treatments were composed of (1) signalgrass + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.; (2) signalgrass + Gliricidia sepium Jacq.; and (3) signalgrass monoculture. The 3-year experiment followed a randomized complete block design with three replications. Tree legumes were planted in double rows (15 × 1 × 0.5 m), in 1 ha paddocks. Litter samples were taken in five distance points (0, 1.8, 3.7, 5.6 and 7.5 m) perpendicular to tree legume rows. Signalgrass was taller at longer distances from the trees (P < 0.05). Signalgrass height differed between treatments, with taller signalgrass found in pastures mixed with G. sepium (15.6 cm) compared to M. caesalpiniifolia (9 cm) (P < 0.05). Herbage N content decreased with increasing distance from tree rows (P < 0.05). Litter N content followed a similar pattern, ranging from 23 g/kg under the trees to 12 g/kg at 7.5 m away from tree rows. Signalgrass did not grow under the tree crown (0–1.8 m), especially when intercropped with M. caesalpiniifolia. The findings of this study suggest that the type of legume trees used in the silvopastoral system has the potential to modify the pattern of grass growth and content of N in pasture litter.

使用带有木本豆科植物的林牧系统是恢复和发展牧场的一个可行替代方案,因为木本豆科植物可为系统增加氮,影响牧草的生长。本研究假设信号草(Urochloa decumbens Stapf)的草本植物和枯草会受到牧场中豆科树木的影响。处理包括:(1)信号草 + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.;(2)信号草 + Gliricidia sepium Jacq.;(3)信号草单一种植。实验为期 3 年,采用随机完全区组设计,三次重复。在 1 公顷的围场中双行(15 × 1 × 0.5 米)种植木本豆科植物。在与豆科植物行垂直的五个距离点(0、1.8、3.7、5.6 和 7.5 米)采集草屑样本。距离树木较远的信号草较高 (P < 0.05)。不同处理的信号草高度不同,与 M. caesalpiniifolia(9 厘米)相比,与 G. sepium(15.6 厘米)混合的牧草中信号草更高(P < 0.05)。垃圾氮含量随着与树行距离的增加而减少(P <0.05)。垃圾中的氮含量也遵循类似的规律,从树下的 23 克/千克到距离树行 7.5 米处的 12 克/千克不等。信号草没有在树冠下(0-1.8 米)生长,尤其是与 M. caesalpiniifolia 间作时。这项研究的结果表明,在林牧系统中使用的豆科植物树的类型有可能改变草的生长模式和牧草枯落物中的氮含量。
{"title":"The distance from tree legumes in silvopastoral systems modifies the litter in grass-composed pastures","authors":"Amanda Maria Gallindo dos Santos, Jose Carlos Batista Dubeux, Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos, Suellen Brandão de Miranda Costa, Diego de Lima Côelho, Erick Rodrigo da Silva Santos, Naligia Gomes de Miranda e Silva, Bárbara Marcélia Martins de Oliveira, Valéria Xavier de Oliveira Apolinário, Janerson José Coelho","doi":"10.1017/s0021859624000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021859624000200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of silvopastoral systems with tree legumes is a viable alternative to recover and develop pastures, as they add N to the system influencing pasture growth. This study hypothesized that the herbage and litter of signalgrass (<span>Urochloa decumbens</span> Stapf) is affected by legume trees in the pasture. Treatments were composed of (1) signalgrass + <span>Mimosa caesalpiniifolia</span> Benth.; (2) signalgrass + <span>Gliricidia sepium</span> Jacq.; and (3) signalgrass monoculture. The 3-year experiment followed a randomized complete block design with three replications. Tree legumes were planted in double rows (15 × 1 × 0.5 m), in 1 ha paddocks. Litter samples were taken in five distance points (0, 1.8, 3.7, 5.6 and 7.5 m) perpendicular to tree legume rows. Signalgrass was taller at longer distances from the trees (<span>P</span> &lt; 0.05). Signalgrass height differed between treatments, with taller signalgrass found in pastures mixed with <span>G. sepium</span> (15.6 cm) compared to <span>M. caesalpiniifolia</span> (9 cm) (<span>P</span> &lt; 0.05). Herbage N content decreased with increasing distance from tree rows (<span>P</span> &lt; 0.05). Litter N content followed a similar pattern, ranging from 23 g/kg under the trees to 12 g/kg at 7.5 m away from tree rows. Signalgrass did not grow under the tree crown (0–1.8 m), especially when intercropped with <span>M. caesalpiniifolia</span>. The findings of this study suggest that the type of legume trees used in the silvopastoral system has the potential to modify the pattern of grass growth and content of N in pasture litter.</p>","PeriodicalId":501199,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140636390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mitigating the effects of water-deficit stress on potato growth and photosynthesis using mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria 利用菌根真菌和磷酸盐溶解细菌减轻缺水胁迫对马铃薯生长和光合作用的影响
Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000169
Ahmad Nemati, Mohammad Ali Aboutalebian, Mehrdad Chaichi

Biofertilizers, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), have been reported to enhance plant growth under water stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different biofertilizers on potato photosynthesis and growth under water deficit stress. The experiment was conducted over two crop years (2019 and 2020) using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Four irrigation intervals (70, 90, 110 and 130 mm of cumulative evaporation) and six biofertilizer treatments (PSB, Funneliformis mosseae [FM], Rhizoglomus fasciculatum [RF], PSB + FM, PSB + RF and no use) were applied. Severe moisture stress (130 mm evaporation) compared to no stress (70 mm evaporation) increased substomatal carbon dioxide concentration. The application of biofertilizers improved tuber yield under severe moisture stress, with FM showing the highest increase (62.9%), followed by RF (59.8%) and PSB (48.4%). The use of PSB along with mycorrhizae led to a significant decrease in mycorrhizal colonization percentage at all irrigation levels. The highest percentage of colonization and net photosynthesis was obtained from the application of both mycorrhizal species under irrigation conditions after 70 mm of evaporation. The application of PSB alone resulted in a 14.6% increase in the transpiration rate, additionally, the use of mycorrhiza led to an 18.7% increase in stomatal conductivity compared to no-biofertilizer. The results suggest that the simultaneous use of PSB and mycorrhizae can be effective in mild moisture stress, but in severe moisture stress, the use of mycorrhizal species alone is more effective.

据报道,生物肥料(如丛枝菌根真菌和磷酸盐溶解菌(PSB))可提高植物在水分胁迫条件下的生长。本研究旨在探讨不同生物肥料对缺水胁迫下马铃薯光合作用和生长的影响。实验在两个作物年度(2019 年和 2020 年)进行,采用随机完全区组设计,三次重复。试验采用了四种灌溉间隔(累计蒸发量分别为 70、90、110 和 130 毫米)和六种生物肥料处理(PSB、Funneliformis mosseae [FM]、Rhizoglomus fasciculatum [RF]、PSB + FM、PSB + RF 和不使用)。严重水分胁迫(130 毫米蒸发量)与无胁迫(70 毫米蒸发量)相比,增加了下气孔二氧化碳浓度。施用生物肥料可提高严重水分胁迫下的块茎产量,其中 FM 的增幅最大(62.9%),其次是 RF(59.8%)和 PSB(48.4%)。在所有灌溉水平下,使用 PSB 和菌根剂都会导致菌根菌落率显著下降。在蒸发 70 毫米后的灌溉条件下,施用两种菌根菌的菌根定殖率和净光合作用最高。与不施用生物肥料相比,单独施用 PSB 使蒸腾速率提高了 14.6%,此外,施用菌根还使气孔导度提高了 18.7%。结果表明,在轻微的水分胁迫下,同时施用 PSB 和菌根可以有效提高蒸腾速率,但在严重的水分胁迫下,单独施用菌根更有效。
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引用次数: 0
Incubation experiments using nitrogen isotope discrimination to estimate ammonia emission from amended sheep manure treatments 利用氮同位素鉴别法估算羊粪改良处理的氨排放的孵化实验
Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0021859624000170
Hassan Khanaki, Richard J. Dewhurst, Brian J. Leury, Yumeng Song, Deli Chen, Long Cheng

Two 10-day in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between nitrogen (N) isotope discrimination (δ15N) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from sheep manure. In Exp. 1, three different manure mixtures were set up: control (C); C mixed with lignite (C + L); and grape marc (GM), with 5, 4 and 5 replications, respectively. For C, urine and faeces were collected from sheep fed a diet of 550 g lucerne hay/kg, 400 g barley grain/kg and 50 g faba bean/kg; for C + L, urine and faeces were collected from sheep fed the C diet and 100 g ground lignite added to each incubation system at the start of the experiment; for GM, urine and faeces were collected from sheep fed a diet consisting of C diet with 200 g/kg of the diet replaced with GM. In Exp. 2, three different urine-faeces mixtures were set up: 2U:1F, 1.4U:1F and 1U:1F with urine to faeces ratios of 2:1, 1.4:1 and 1:1, respectively, each with 5 replications. Lignite in C + L led to significantly lower cumulative manure-N loss by 81 and 68% in comparison with C and GM groups, respectively (P = 0.001). Cumulative emitted manure NH3-N was lower in C + L than C and GM groups by 35 and 36%, respectively (P = 0.020). Emitted manure NH3-N was higher in 2U:1F compared to 1.4U:1F and 1U:1F by 18 and 26%, respectively (P < 0.001). This confirms the relationship between manure δ15N and cumulative NH3-N loss reported by earlier studies, which may be useful for estimating NH3 losses.

为了研究绵羊粪便中氮(N)同位素鉴别(δ15N)与氨(NH3)排放之间的关系,我们进行了两次为期 10 天的离体实验。在实验 1 中,设置了三种不同的羊粪混合物:对照(C);C 与褐煤混合(C + L);葡萄泥(GM),分别有 5、4 和 5 次重复。对于 C,收集绵羊的粪尿,饲料为 550 克苜蓿干草/千克、400 克大麦谷物/千克和 50 克蚕豆/千克;对于 C + L,收集绵羊的粪尿,饲料为 C,实验开始时在每个培养系统中添加 100 克磨碎的褐煤;对于 GM,收集绵羊的粪尿,饲料为 C,每千克饲料中添加 200 克 GM。在实验 2 中,设置了三种不同的尿粪混合物:2U:1F、1.4U:1F 和 1U:1F,尿粪比分别为 2:1、1.4:1 和 1:1,每种混合物重复 5 次。与 C 组和 GM 组相比,C + L 组中的褐煤使累积粪便氮损失分别显著降低了 81% 和 68%(P = 0.001)。C + L 组的累积粪便 NH3-N 排放量分别比 C 组和 GM 组低 35% 和 36% (P = 0.020)。2U:1F 组的粪便 NH3-N 排放量比 1.4U:1F 组和 1U:1F 组分别高出 18% 和 26% (P<0.001)。这证实了早期研究报告中粪便 δ15N 与累积 NH3-N 损失之间的关系,这可能有助于估算 NH3 损失。
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引用次数: 0
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The Journal of Agricultural Science
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