Aeroacoustic prediction based on large-eddy simulation and the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings equation

A hybrid noise computation method is presented in this paper. Large-eddy simulation with wall-model equation is proposed to compute the flow field. With a stress-balanced wall-model equation, the near-wall computation cost of large eddy simulation was effectively reduced. The instantaneous flow variables obtained by the large-eddy simulation were used to compute the noise source terms of the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings equation. The present method was investigated with two test cases: a single cylinder at Re = 10,000 and a rod-airfoil at Re = 480,000. The flow quantities and aeroacoustic characteristics were compared with the reference data. The mean velocity profiles and spectra of the flow fluctuations were consistent with data from the literature. When compared with the reference data, the noise computation error was less than 3 dB. The computation results demonstrate the present wall-modeled large eddy simulation is efficient for the noise computation of complex vortex shedding flows.