从错误的镜子看意义的变化——论“冯特”和“皮亚杰”翻译中的不确定性

IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Review of General Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-04 DOI:10.1177/10892680211017521
Jeremy Trevelyan Burman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

名字在翻译中是什么意思?奎因提出了一个著名的观点,即gavagai的含义是不确定的,直到你学会了用这个词来指代它的对象的语言。这种情况与科学文献类似,尤其是那些年代较长的文献;历史。因为术语的含义会随着时间的推移而变化,所以为实验和理论提供信息的含义也会随着时间的推移而变化。一生的工作和贡献也是如此。当然,这些也是名字的含义;作者描述的快捷键,或者他们的想法(或者他们的合作)。于是,我们不禁要问,科学家的名字在不同的语言中是否也有不同的含义。甚至用同一种语言。这个问题是通过利用心理学历史学家的见解来检验的,他们发现“冯特”的含义在翻译中发生了变化:他的实验主义被保留了下来,他的Völkerpsychologie丢失了,所以冯特的意思被改变了,即使他的作品和他的名字告诉了现代心理学作为一门实验科学的学科。这些见解随后被转化为一般性的论点,关于翻译中的意义变化,但通过对皮亚杰著作从法语翻译成英语和德语的定量研究。因此,皮亚杰显然是这里的焦点,但目标更广泛:理解和理论化“错误的镜子”,它只反映了你能想到的东西(包括复制和制度记忆)。
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Meaning-Change Through the Mistaken Mirror: On the Indeterminacy of “Wundt” and “Piaget” in Translation

What does a name mean in translation? Quine argued, famously, that the meaning of gavagai is indeterminate until you learn the language that uses that word to refer to its object. The case is similar with scientific texts, especially if they are older; historical. Because the meanings of terms can drift over time, so too can the meanings that inform experiments and theory. As can a life’s body of work and its contributions. Surely, these are also the meanings of a name; shortcuts to descriptions of the author who produced them, or of their thought (or maybe their collaborations). We are then led to wonder whether the names of scientists may also mean different things in different languages. Or even in the same language. This problem is examined here by leveraging the insights of historians of psychology who found that the meaning of “Wundt” changed in translation: his experimentalism was retained, and his Völkerpsychologie lost, so that what Wundt meant was altered even as his work—and his name—informed the disciplining of Modern Psychology as an experimental science. Those insights are then turned here into a general argument, regarding meaning-change in translation, but using a quantitative examination of the translations of Piaget’s books from French into English and German. It is therefore Piaget who has the focus here, evidentially, but the goal is broader: understanding and theorizing “the mistaken mirror” that reflects only what you can think to see (with implications for replication and institutional memory).

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来源期刊
Review of General Psychology
Review of General Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
4.80%
发文量
26
期刊介绍: Review of General Psychology seeks to publish innovative theoretical, conceptual, or methodological articles that cross-cut the traditional subdisciplines of psychology. The journal contains articles that advance theory, evaluate and integrate research literatures, provide a new historical analysis, or discuss new methodological developments in psychology as a whole. Review of General Psychology is especially interested in articles that bridge gaps between subdisciplines in psychology as well as related fields or that focus on topics that transcend traditional subdisciplinary boundaries.
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