欧盟生物经济的测量和包括下游和上游联系

IF 2.4 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY EuroChoices Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI:10.1111/1746-692X.12407
Kutay Cingiz, Hugo Gonzalez-Hermosa, Wim Heijman, Justus H. H. Wesseler
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引用次数: 0

摘要

根据欧盟委员会的说法,发展生物经济是到2050年实现气候中和的关键战略。未来许多年,生物经济将在欧盟绿色政策议程上占据重要地位,欧洲绿色协议的发布和2018年更新的生物经济战略(EC, 2018)以及监测该部门的努力(EU, 2021)都证明了这一点。因此,我们开发了一种技术来衡量欧盟各国的生物经济增加值(VA),以监测欧盟生物经济战略的进展和影响。Wesseler和von Braun(2017)对方法挑战进行了分析,并强调了将生物经济领域扩展到传统产业之外的重要性。因此,为了准确衡量生物经济在VA中的份额,我们包括了相关的经济产业,分为完全和部分生物经济产业。充分利用和转化生物资源的生物经济产业。例如,它们包括农业和粮食部门、林业部门以及纸浆和造纸部门。它们为其他行业提供投入,这些行业进一步加工这些投入(下游)。这些部分被认为是生物经济产业,因为它们也使用其他产业的投入。此外,为完全生物经济部门(上游)提供投入的产业被视为部分生物经济产业(图1)(参见Cingiz等人(2021),了解包括完全和部分生物经济产业在内的详细信息)。图1打开图形查看器powerpointupstream,荷兰下游投入产出流量,2018年注:增加值为产出与投入之差。下游代表从农业、林业和渔业(绿色阴影)流向建筑业的投入流,它为建筑业产生(与其余投入成正比)价值增值。上游代表从建筑业到农业、林业和渔业的产出流,作为投入(黄色阴影),为建筑业产生(与其余产出成比例)增值。价值以百万欧元为单位。最后,我们将生物经济增加值定义为所有下游、上游和全生物经济增加值的总和。我们在所有欧盟成员国实施拟议的衡量方法。投入产出表取自经合组织统计数据(经合组织,2021年)。对于名义到实际价值的转换,我们使用欧盟统计局的消费者价格协调指数(HICP)(基准年为2015年),名义汇率系数取自经合组织统计数据。
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Measurement of the EU Bioeconomy and the Inclusion of Downstream and Upstream Linkages Mesure de la bioéconomie dans l’Union européenne et prise en compte des liens en aval et en amont Bewertung der EU-Bioökonomie und die Einbeziehung von vor- und nachgelagerten Sektoren

The development of the bioeconomy, according to the European Commission, is a key strategy for achieving climate neutrality by 2050. The bioeconomy will feature high on the EU green policy agenda for many years to come, as evidenced by the release of the European Green Deal and the updated bioeconomy strategy 2018 (EC, 2018) and efforts to monitor the sector (EU, 2021). Therefore, we developed a technique to measure EU bioeconomy value added (VA) across countries, with a view to monitoring the progress and impact of the EU's bioeconomy strategies.

Wesseler and von Braun (2017) provide an analysis of the methodological challenges and stress the importance of expanding the bioeconomy domain beyond traditional industries. Thus, for an accurate measurement of the shares of the bioeconomy in VA, we include the relevant economic industries, categorised as fully and partly bioeconomy industry. Fully bioeconomy industries use and convert biological resources. They include for example the agriculture and food sector, the forestry sector and the pulp and paper sector. They provide inputs to other industries that further process those inputs (downstream). Those are considered partly bioeconomy industries as they also use inputs from other industries. Further, industries that provide inputs to the fully bioeconomy sectors (upstream) are considered partly bioeconomy industry (Figure 1) (see Cingiz et al. (2021) for the details of fully and partly bioeconomy industries included).

Finally, we define the value added of the bioeconomy as the summation of all downstream, upstream, and fully bioeconomy VAs. We implement the proposed measurement approach across all EU Member States. The input-output tables are taken from OECD statistics (OECD, 2021). For nominal to real value conversion, we use the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) from Eurostat (base year 2015) and the nominal exchange rate coefficients are taken from OECD statistics.

Across EU Member States, the average share of the bioeconomy in VA for the 2016–2018 period ranges from 2.8 per cent in Luxembourg to 17.2 per cent in Lithuania (Figure 2). Except for Luxembourg, the share is above 6 per cent in all Member States for both periods. For the EU-27 and the United Kingdom, the share of the bioeconomy in VA is 8.6 per cent for the 2016–2018 period.

Figure 3 illustrates the relative importance of upstream and downstream bioeconomy VA in selected countries with the most developed bioeconomies. In Luxembourg, Belgium, United Kingdom, Denmark, Spain and Italy, the total of downstream and upstream VA constitutes at least 50 per cent of the total bioeconomy.

This shows that there is a strong linkage and integration between these two sector types. The bioeconomy VA generated outside the primary bioeconomy industries can create more VA than from the primary bioeconomy industries. Partly bioeconomy industries, through upstream and downstream linkages, make a significant contribution to the entire bioeconomy and therefore, should also be considered when discussing the significance of the bioeconomy in the overall economy.

Further information available at: https://datam.jrc.ec.europa.eu/datam/mashup/BM_BIOECONOMIC_SHARES/index.html.

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来源期刊
EuroChoices
EuroChoices AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY-
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
7.10%
发文量
22
期刊介绍: EuroChoices is a full colour, peer reviewed, outreach journal of topical European agri-food and rural resource issues, published three times a year in April, August and December. Its main aim is to bring current research and policy deliberations on agri-food and rural resource issues to a wide readership, both technical & non-technical. The need for this is clear - there are great changes afoot in the European and global agri-food industries and rural areas, which are of enormous impact and concern to society. The issues which underlie present deliberations in the policy and private sectors are complex and, until now, normally expressed in impenetrable technical language.
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