从井眼GPR数据建模和推断裂缝曲率:来自瑞士Bedretto实验室的案例研究

IF 1.1 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Near Surface Geophysics Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI:10.1002/nsg.12286
Daniel Escallon, Alexis Shakas, Hansruedi Maurer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

裂缝曲率已被观察到从毫米到公里的尺度。然而,由于数据稀疏性和几何模糊性,曲率的表征仍然具有挑战性。因此,为了简化计算,大多数数值模型通常假设为平面裂缝。为了解决这一限制,我们提出了一种从电磁波或地震波的走时数据推断裂缝几何形状的新方法。我们的模型利用三维表面网格控制点的协同克里格插值来有效地模拟裂缝曲率,从而得到一个非结构化的三角形网格。然后,我们将裂缝表面细化为具有等距元素的结构化网格,以便可以对小尺度非均质性和大尺度曲率进行建模。为了约束裂缝的几何形状,我们进行了确定性的走时反演,以最佳地放置这些控制点。我们用合成数据验证了我们的方法,并解决了它的局限性。最后,我们对单孔探地雷达(GPR)现场数据观测到的一条大于200米的大裂缝的几何形状进行了推断。裂缝表面与井眼电视观测结果非常吻合,也受限于远离井眼。我们的建模方法可以很容易地适用于多偏移GPR或活动地震数据。
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Modelling and inferring fracture curvature from borehole GPR data: Case study from the Bedretto Laboratory, Switzerland
Fracture curvature has been observed from the millimetre to the kilometre scales. Nevertheless, characterizing curvature remains challenging due to data sparsity and geometric ambiguities. As a result, most numerical models often assume planar fractures to ease computations. To address this limitation, we present a novel approach for inferring fracture geometry from travel-time data of electromagnetic or seismic waves. Our model utilizes co-kriging interpolation of control points in a 3D surface mesh to simulate fracture curvature effectively, resulting in an unstructured triangular grid. We then refine the fracture surface into a structured grid with equidistant elements so that both small-scale heterogeneities and large-scale curvature can be modelled. To constrain the fracture geometry, we perform a deterministic travel-time inversion to optimally place these control points. We validate our methodology with synthetic data and address its limitations. Finally, we infer the geometry of a large (more than 200 m) fracture observed in single-hole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) field data. The fracture surface closely agrees with borehole televiewer observations and is also constrained far from the boreholes. Our modelling approach can be trivially adapted to multi-offset GPR or active seismic data.
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来源期刊
Near Surface Geophysics
Near Surface Geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
42
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Near Surface Geophysics is an international journal for the publication of research and development in geophysics applied to near surface. It places emphasis on geological, hydrogeological, geotechnical, environmental, engineering, mining, archaeological, agricultural and other applications of geophysics as well as physical soil and rock properties. Geophysical and geoscientific case histories with innovative use of geophysical techniques are welcome, which may include improvements on instrumentation, measurements, data acquisition and processing, modelling, inversion, interpretation, project management and multidisciplinary use. The papers should also be understandable to those who use geophysical data but are not necessarily geophysicists.
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