性别偏见:来自法国地方选举自然实验的证据

IF 4.5 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Economic Policy Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI:10.1093/epolic/eiac067
Jean-Benoît Eyméoud, Paul Vertier
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引用次数: 0

摘要

妇女在政治上的代表性不足。在本文中,我们测试了对这种情况的一种潜在解释:选民的性别偏见。我们在2015年的法国地方选举中做了一个自然实验:在这个国家,候选人第一次必须成双成对地竞选,这必须是性别平衡的。我们认为,这项改革使一些选民感到困惑,他们可能认为选票上的第一个名字代表“主要”候选人。由于候选人在选票上的顺序是由他们的字母顺序决定的,因此男性和女性候选人的出现顺序几乎是随机的,这种设置使我们能够将性别偏见与选择效应隔离开来。我们的主要结果是,右翼候选人存在负面的性别偏见,当女性候选人首先出现在选票上时,右翼候选人的得票率会下降1.5个百分点。由于缺少选票,一些候选人无法进入第二轮投票。利用报纸发行量的数据和选举的其他制度特征——即候选人可以(但不必)在选票上报告关于自己的额外信息——我们表明,信息水平越高,歧视就越少。因此,我们认为,我们发现的歧视很可能是统计上的。
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Gender Biases: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in French Local Elections
Women are underrepresented in politics. In this paper, we test one of the potential explanations for this situation: gender biases from voters. We use a natural experiment during French local elections in 2015: for the first time in this country, candidates had to run in pairs, that had to be gender-balanced. We argue that this reform confused some voters, who might have assumed that the first name on the ballot represented the “main” candidate. Since the order of the candidates on the ballot was determined by their alphabetical order, the order of appearance of male and female candidates was as-good-as-random, and this setting allows us to isolate gender biases from selection effects. Our main result is that there exists a negative gender bias affecting right-wing candidates, whose vote shares were lower by 1.5 percentage points when the female candidate appeared first on the ballot. The missing votes prevented some pairs of candidates from proceeding to the second round of voting. Using data on newspaper circulation and additional institutional features of the election - namely the fact that candidates can (but do not have to) report additional information about themselves on the ballot - we show that higher levels of information decrease discrimination. We argue that the discrimination we identify is, therefore, likely to be statistical.
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来源期刊
Economic Policy
Economic Policy ECONOMICS-
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
期刊介绍: Economic Policy provides timely and authoritative analyses of the choices confronting policymakers. The subject matter ranges from the study of how individual markets can and should work to the broadest interactions in the world economy. Economic Policy features: Analysis of key issues as they emerge Views of top international economists Frontier thinking without technical jargon Wide-reaching coverage of worldwide policy debate
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