{"title":"巴基斯坦北部喀喇昆仑山主脉沿线的伽马辐射水平","authors":"Mohammad Wasim, Arfan Tariq, Manzoor Ali","doi":"10.1515/ract-2023-0229","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution, the distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides in the area around Main Karakoram Thrust (MKT) in Karakoram Range, North Pakistan is documented. Three natural radionuclides (<jats:sup>226</jats:sup>Ra, <jats:sup>232</jats:sup>Th, and <jats:sup>40</jats:sup>K) and one anthropogenic radionuclide (<jats:sup>137</jats:sup>Cs) were studied for their specific activities in 30 samples. The measurements were made by high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. The sampling area is located in Gilgit Baltistan province of Pakistan at an altitude of 1838 m/6030 ft above sea level. MKT separates the Karakoram plate from the Kohistan-Ladakh Terranes and Indian Plate to the south. The specific activity varied as 4.5–56.5 Bq kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, 18.2–61.4 Bq kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, 1.4–19.6 Bq kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 51–1640 Bq kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> for <jats:sup>226</jats:sup>Ra, <jats:sup>232</jats:sup>Th, <jats:sup>137</jats:sup>Cs and <jats:sup>40</jats:sup>K, respectively. The average radium equivalent activity was 127.8 ± 45.9 Bq kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The external hazard index was <1 for all samples and representative level index was <1 for majority of the samples. The average air absorbed dose rate was 60.9 ± 23.2 nGy h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> corresponding to the outdoor effective dose rate of 73.7 ± 28.0 μSv y<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. These values were slightly higher than the world average values for air absorbed dose rate (51 nGy h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) and outdoor annual effective dose rate (70 μSv y<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). The data revealed significant positive correlation between <jats:sup>226</jats:sup>Ra and <jats:sup>40</jats:sup>K. Principal component analysis revealed distribution patterns within the samples and identified three distinct groups. Data was also evaluated for the concentrations of uranium, thorium and potassium and their ratios.","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Gamma-radiation levels along the main Karakorum thrust area of Northern Pakistan\",\"authors\":\"Mohammad Wasim, Arfan Tariq, Manzoor Ali\",\"doi\":\"10.1515/ract-2023-0229\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"In this contribution, the distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides in the area around Main Karakoram Thrust (MKT) in Karakoram Range, North Pakistan is documented. Three natural radionuclides (<jats:sup>226</jats:sup>Ra, <jats:sup>232</jats:sup>Th, and <jats:sup>40</jats:sup>K) and one anthropogenic radionuclide (<jats:sup>137</jats:sup>Cs) were studied for their specific activities in 30 samples. The measurements were made by high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. The sampling area is located in Gilgit Baltistan province of Pakistan at an altitude of 1838 m/6030 ft above sea level. MKT separates the Karakoram plate from the Kohistan-Ladakh Terranes and Indian Plate to the south. The specific activity varied as 4.5–56.5 Bq kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, 18.2–61.4 Bq kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, 1.4–19.6 Bq kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 51–1640 Bq kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> for <jats:sup>226</jats:sup>Ra, <jats:sup>232</jats:sup>Th, <jats:sup>137</jats:sup>Cs and <jats:sup>40</jats:sup>K, respectively. The average radium equivalent activity was 127.8 ± 45.9 Bq kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The external hazard index was <1 for all samples and representative level index was <1 for majority of the samples. The average air absorbed dose rate was 60.9 ± 23.2 nGy h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> corresponding to the outdoor effective dose rate of 73.7 ± 28.0 μSv y<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. These values were slightly higher than the world average values for air absorbed dose rate (51 nGy h<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) and outdoor annual effective dose rate (70 μSv y<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>). The data revealed significant positive correlation between <jats:sup>226</jats:sup>Ra and <jats:sup>40</jats:sup>K. Principal component analysis revealed distribution patterns within the samples and identified three distinct groups. Data was also evaluated for the concentrations of uranium, thorium and potassium and their ratios.\",\"PeriodicalId\":1,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Accounts of Chemical Research\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":16.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-12-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Accounts of Chemical Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1515/ract-2023-0229\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ract-2023-0229","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Gamma-radiation levels along the main Karakorum thrust area of Northern Pakistan
In this contribution, the distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides in the area around Main Karakoram Thrust (MKT) in Karakoram Range, North Pakistan is documented. Three natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) and one anthropogenic radionuclide (137Cs) were studied for their specific activities in 30 samples. The measurements were made by high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. The sampling area is located in Gilgit Baltistan province of Pakistan at an altitude of 1838 m/6030 ft above sea level. MKT separates the Karakoram plate from the Kohistan-Ladakh Terranes and Indian Plate to the south. The specific activity varied as 4.5–56.5 Bq kg−1, 18.2–61.4 Bq kg−1, 1.4–19.6 Bq kg−1 and 51–1640 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 232Th, 137Cs and 40K, respectively. The average radium equivalent activity was 127.8 ± 45.9 Bq kg−1. The external hazard index was <1 for all samples and representative level index was <1 for majority of the samples. The average air absorbed dose rate was 60.9 ± 23.2 nGy h−1 corresponding to the outdoor effective dose rate of 73.7 ± 28.0 μSv y−1. These values were slightly higher than the world average values for air absorbed dose rate (51 nGy h−1) and outdoor annual effective dose rate (70 μSv y−1). The data revealed significant positive correlation between 226Ra and 40K. Principal component analysis revealed distribution patterns within the samples and identified three distinct groups. Data was also evaluated for the concentrations of uranium, thorium and potassium and their ratios.
期刊介绍:
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.