一个人静静地坐着:论新自由主义资本主义 "前所未有的内心孤独

IF 0.2 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Psychosocial Studies Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI:10.1332/14786737y2023d000000009
N. Gerard
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引用次数: 0

摘要

基于马克斯·韦伯对资本主义精神造成“前所未有的内心孤独”的深刻批判,本文追溯了从新教改革到现在的社会经济秩序过程中充满主体性的轨迹。这种社会经济秩序有着悠久的历史,既吸引又排斥拥有内心生活的能力,从这个前提开始,一般的论点是,与一个人的分离以及与对象的分离作斗争,会产生一种不可避免的孤独感。这种精神分析上的孤独感与似乎困扰着新自由主义主体性的折磨人的孤独感并列,揭示了前者如何可能为我们越来越无法自己安静地坐着提供一种不完美但仍然可行的解药。特别的重点是重新评估温尼科特的能力的概念,在培养一个独立的自我。这篇文章最后试探性地思考了一个独立的自我可能带来的痛苦,包括一个人不可避免的孤独。
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To sit quietly by oneself: on neoliberal capitalism’s ‘unprecedented inner loneliness’
Building upon Max Weber’s insightful critique of the capitalist spirit as causing ‘unprecedented inner loneliness’, this article traces the trajectory of a fraught subjectivity over the course of a socioeconomic order from the Protestant Reformation to the present. Beginning with the premise that this socioeconomic order has a long history of both inviting and foreclosing upon the capacity to have an inner life, the general argument is pursued that grappling with one’s separateness, as well as the separateness of the object, gives rise to an inevitable sense of loneliness. This psychoanalytically informed sense of loneliness is juxtaposed with the gnawing loneliness that seems to haunt neoliberal subjectivity, revealing how the former might provide an imperfect but still viable antidote to our increasing inability to sit quietly by ourselves. Particular focus is given to re-evaluating Winnicott’s notion of the capacity to be alone in light of cultivating a separate self. The article concludes with some tentative thoughts on what suffering a separate self might entail, including suffering one’s inevitable loneliness.
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