Designing Visual Displays for Deep Space Habitats: Challenges and Opportunities from a Cognitive Task Analysis with ISS Mission Control

This paper explores some challenges and opportunities in designing visual interfaces for deep space habitats with communication delays to Earth. The study first examines how Mission Control for the International Space Station (ISS) operates in detecting and responding to anomalous events. Interviews with participants who have held roles as flight controllers, backroom engineers, astronauts, or flight instructors for ISS and shuttle missions were conducted to gain insights into the responses to anomalous events. The collected anomalous scenarios were then re-considered under the context of deep space missions, where communication delays and other environmental factors are substantially different. Findings and insights on data analysis of the anomalous scenarios were then presented subsequently. Based on the findings, four areas of challenges and opportunities for visual interfaces design were identified. The paper suggests that these design challenges and opportunities be considered in more detail in future research.