Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1177/21695067231221720
Gayatri Anoop, Arvind Kolangarakath, K. Madathil, Katie Shakour, Rebecca Short, Tim Ransom
The COVID-19 pandemic forced universities to shift their in-person lab courses to remote delivery, which presented several challenges for instructors and students. This article analyzed 33 peer-reviewed research articles to identify the various approaches taken by universities to migrate lab courses to remote platforms, as well as the difficulties encountered during the transition. The review revealed that technology and internet issues, workload constraints, academic integrity, and the overall educational experience were among the challenges faced. The authenticity and completeness of online labs were inferior to in-person labs, resulting in mixed opinions on the effectiveness of online labs. Students found labs that incorporated video recordings and simulations on a synchronous platform to be the most engaging. However, home labs provided limited hands-on experience, depending on the circumstances. Further research is required to investigate the cognitive, physical, and temporal demands posed by these technologies to develop a more compelling online lab experience.
{"title":"Transitioning Lab Courses to Online Platforms by Higher Education Institutions during COVID-19","authors":"Gayatri Anoop, Arvind Kolangarakath, K. Madathil, Katie Shakour, Rebecca Short, Tim Ransom","doi":"10.1177/21695067231221720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231221720","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic forced universities to shift their in-person lab courses to remote delivery, which presented several challenges for instructors and students. This article analyzed 33 peer-reviewed research articles to identify the various approaches taken by universities to migrate lab courses to remote platforms, as well as the difficulties encountered during the transition. The review revealed that technology and internet issues, workload constraints, academic integrity, and the overall educational experience were among the challenges faced. The authenticity and completeness of online labs were inferior to in-person labs, resulting in mixed opinions on the effectiveness of online labs. Students found labs that incorporated video recordings and simulations on a synchronous platform to be the most engaging. However, home labs provided limited hands-on experience, depending on the circumstances. Further research is required to investigate the cognitive, physical, and temporal demands posed by these technologies to develop a more compelling online lab experience.","PeriodicalId":20673,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"48 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1177/21695067231221721
Andrew R. Dattel, Hui Wang, Sophie Chanoux, Cristhian Padilla, Haroon Jamanzi, Rochelle Potdar, Rajan Maroju, Tianxin Zhang, Pooja Amonkar
This study explored predictors of situation awareness (SA) and predictors of irrelevant information in a complex task. Thirty-one participants were tested on personality, a little-known situation awareness test, working memory, inattentional blindness (IB), and inattentional insensitivity (IIS) as predictors of situation awareness and performance in a driving simulator. The two IIS conditions were visual (IB) and tactile. Participants were paid $25 for about a 1 ½ hour commitment. During the driving simulator scenario, participants answered 10 questions (half related to the driving task and half not critical to safe driving performance). More relevant questions were answered correctly than irrelevant questions. However, few predictors were shown for SA (relevant questions), but IB, and personality variables predicted response time for irrelevant questions. Tactile IIS was found to be better for performance on one of the SA tests and resulted in fewer errors in one of the tactile IIS tasks.
{"title":"Inattentional Insensitivity As A Predictor of Relevant Situation Awareness Questions And Irrelevant Questions","authors":"Andrew R. Dattel, Hui Wang, Sophie Chanoux, Cristhian Padilla, Haroon Jamanzi, Rochelle Potdar, Rajan Maroju, Tianxin Zhang, Pooja Amonkar","doi":"10.1177/21695067231221721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231221721","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored predictors of situation awareness (SA) and predictors of irrelevant information in a complex task. Thirty-one participants were tested on personality, a little-known situation awareness test, working memory, inattentional blindness (IB), and inattentional insensitivity (IIS) as predictors of situation awareness and performance in a driving simulator. The two IIS conditions were visual (IB) and tactile. Participants were paid $25 for about a 1 ½ hour commitment. During the driving simulator scenario, participants answered 10 questions (half related to the driving task and half not critical to safe driving performance). More relevant questions were answered correctly than irrelevant questions. However, few predictors were shown for SA (relevant questions), but IB, and personality variables predicted response time for irrelevant questions. Tactile IIS was found to be better for performance on one of the SA tests and resulted in fewer errors in one of the tactile IIS tasks.","PeriodicalId":20673,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1177/10711813241228178
Emily Parcell, Sidney T. Scott-Sharoni, Nadia Fereydooni, Bruce N. Walker, John K. Lenneman, Benjamin P. Austin, Takeshi Yoshida
Vehicles with driving automation are becoming increasingly present despite the reported apprehension of potential consumers. The potential benefits, such as fewer crashes, lighter traffic, and increased transportation access, give merit in researching how to engender appropriate human- automation interaction that will ensure a smoother adoption of the technology. One method involves investigating how users receive information about the vehicle. Using a simulated highly automated vehicle, researchers examined how content temporality and modality affected the situational trust and cognitive workload of 36 participants using subjective measures and 15 participants using non-linear dynamics. Researchers found only one significant main effect of temporality on workload; however, post-hoc comparisons between groups were insignificant. Nevertheless, applying non-linear dynamics to driving research is a novel and underutilized approach. Researchers, designers, and users may benefit from using real-time measures rather than aggregate scores to understand how driver behavior changes based on the environment.
{"title":"A Novel Application of Non-linear Dynamics Investigating Cognitive Workload and Situational Trust in Highly Automated Vehicles","authors":"Emily Parcell, Sidney T. Scott-Sharoni, Nadia Fereydooni, Bruce N. Walker, John K. Lenneman, Benjamin P. Austin, Takeshi Yoshida","doi":"10.1177/10711813241228178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813241228178","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicles with driving automation are becoming increasingly present despite the reported apprehension of potential consumers. The potential benefits, such as fewer crashes, lighter traffic, and increased transportation access, give merit in researching how to engender appropriate human- automation interaction that will ensure a smoother adoption of the technology. One method involves investigating how users receive information about the vehicle. Using a simulated highly automated vehicle, researchers examined how content temporality and modality affected the situational trust and cognitive workload of 36 participants using subjective measures and 15 participants using non-linear dynamics. Researchers found only one significant main effect of temporality on workload; however, post-hoc comparisons between groups were insignificant. Nevertheless, applying non-linear dynamics to driving research is a novel and underutilized approach. Researchers, designers, and users may benefit from using real-time measures rather than aggregate scores to understand how driver behavior changes based on the environment.","PeriodicalId":20673,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"168 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139839815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1177/10711813241228178
Emily Parcell, Sidney T. Scott-Sharoni, Nadia Fereydooni, Bruce N. Walker, John K. Lenneman, Benjamin P. Austin, Takeshi Yoshida
Vehicles with driving automation are becoming increasingly present despite the reported apprehension of potential consumers. The potential benefits, such as fewer crashes, lighter traffic, and increased transportation access, give merit in researching how to engender appropriate human- automation interaction that will ensure a smoother adoption of the technology. One method involves investigating how users receive information about the vehicle. Using a simulated highly automated vehicle, researchers examined how content temporality and modality affected the situational trust and cognitive workload of 36 participants using subjective measures and 15 participants using non-linear dynamics. Researchers found only one significant main effect of temporality on workload; however, post-hoc comparisons between groups were insignificant. Nevertheless, applying non-linear dynamics to driving research is a novel and underutilized approach. Researchers, designers, and users may benefit from using real-time measures rather than aggregate scores to understand how driver behavior changes based on the environment.
{"title":"A Novel Application of Non-linear Dynamics Investigating Cognitive Workload and Situational Trust in Highly Automated Vehicles","authors":"Emily Parcell, Sidney T. Scott-Sharoni, Nadia Fereydooni, Bruce N. Walker, John K. Lenneman, Benjamin P. Austin, Takeshi Yoshida","doi":"10.1177/10711813241228178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813241228178","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicles with driving automation are becoming increasingly present despite the reported apprehension of potential consumers. The potential benefits, such as fewer crashes, lighter traffic, and increased transportation access, give merit in researching how to engender appropriate human- automation interaction that will ensure a smoother adoption of the technology. One method involves investigating how users receive information about the vehicle. Using a simulated highly automated vehicle, researchers examined how content temporality and modality affected the situational trust and cognitive workload of 36 participants using subjective measures and 15 participants using non-linear dynamics. Researchers found only one significant main effect of temporality on workload; however, post-hoc comparisons between groups were insignificant. Nevertheless, applying non-linear dynamics to driving research is a novel and underutilized approach. Researchers, designers, and users may benefit from using real-time measures rather than aggregate scores to understand how driver behavior changes based on the environment.","PeriodicalId":20673,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1177/21695067231221720
Gayatri Anoop, Arvind Kolangarakath, K. Madathil, Katie Shakour, Rebecca Short, Tim Ransom
The COVID-19 pandemic forced universities to shift their in-person lab courses to remote delivery, which presented several challenges for instructors and students. This article analyzed 33 peer-reviewed research articles to identify the various approaches taken by universities to migrate lab courses to remote platforms, as well as the difficulties encountered during the transition. The review revealed that technology and internet issues, workload constraints, academic integrity, and the overall educational experience were among the challenges faced. The authenticity and completeness of online labs were inferior to in-person labs, resulting in mixed opinions on the effectiveness of online labs. Students found labs that incorporated video recordings and simulations on a synchronous platform to be the most engaging. However, home labs provided limited hands-on experience, depending on the circumstances. Further research is required to investigate the cognitive, physical, and temporal demands posed by these technologies to develop a more compelling online lab experience.
{"title":"Transitioning Lab Courses to Online Platforms by Higher Education Institutions during COVID-19","authors":"Gayatri Anoop, Arvind Kolangarakath, K. Madathil, Katie Shakour, Rebecca Short, Tim Ransom","doi":"10.1177/21695067231221720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231221720","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic forced universities to shift their in-person lab courses to remote delivery, which presented several challenges for instructors and students. This article analyzed 33 peer-reviewed research articles to identify the various approaches taken by universities to migrate lab courses to remote platforms, as well as the difficulties encountered during the transition. The review revealed that technology and internet issues, workload constraints, academic integrity, and the overall educational experience were among the challenges faced. The authenticity and completeness of online labs were inferior to in-person labs, resulting in mixed opinions on the effectiveness of online labs. Students found labs that incorporated video recordings and simulations on a synchronous platform to be the most engaging. However, home labs provided limited hands-on experience, depending on the circumstances. Further research is required to investigate the cognitive, physical, and temporal demands posed by these technologies to develop a more compelling online lab experience.","PeriodicalId":20673,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"303 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139839969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1177/21695067231221721
Andrew R. Dattel, Hui Wang, Sophie Chanoux, Cristhian Padilla, Haroon Jamanzi, Rochelle Potdar, Rajan Maroju, Tianxin Zhang, Pooja Amonkar
This study explored predictors of situation awareness (SA) and predictors of irrelevant information in a complex task. Thirty-one participants were tested on personality, a little-known situation awareness test, working memory, inattentional blindness (IB), and inattentional insensitivity (IIS) as predictors of situation awareness and performance in a driving simulator. The two IIS conditions were visual (IB) and tactile. Participants were paid $25 for about a 1 ½ hour commitment. During the driving simulator scenario, participants answered 10 questions (half related to the driving task and half not critical to safe driving performance). More relevant questions were answered correctly than irrelevant questions. However, few predictors were shown for SA (relevant questions), but IB, and personality variables predicted response time for irrelevant questions. Tactile IIS was found to be better for performance on one of the SA tests and resulted in fewer errors in one of the tactile IIS tasks.
{"title":"Inattentional Insensitivity As A Predictor of Relevant Situation Awareness Questions And Irrelevant Questions","authors":"Andrew R. Dattel, Hui Wang, Sophie Chanoux, Cristhian Padilla, Haroon Jamanzi, Rochelle Potdar, Rajan Maroju, Tianxin Zhang, Pooja Amonkar","doi":"10.1177/21695067231221721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231221721","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored predictors of situation awareness (SA) and predictors of irrelevant information in a complex task. Thirty-one participants were tested on personality, a little-known situation awareness test, working memory, inattentional blindness (IB), and inattentional insensitivity (IIS) as predictors of situation awareness and performance in a driving simulator. The two IIS conditions were visual (IB) and tactile. Participants were paid $25 for about a 1 ½ hour commitment. During the driving simulator scenario, participants answered 10 questions (half related to the driving task and half not critical to safe driving performance). More relevant questions were answered correctly than irrelevant questions. However, few predictors were shown for SA (relevant questions), but IB, and personality variables predicted response time for irrelevant questions. Tactile IIS was found to be better for performance on one of the SA tests and resulted in fewer errors in one of the tactile IIS tasks.","PeriodicalId":20673,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192275
Jennie Vo, Dylan H. Hewitt, Yingchen He
This study is a longitudinal replication of a website accessibility study conducted in 2021 to compare if COVID-19 sites had improved, declined, or stayed the same in terms of accessibility. Two automated accessibility checker tools, MAUVE++ and WAVE, were used to assess the accessibility of all available U.S. state and territory COVID-19 websites. Each state and territory's home page, testing page, and vaccine page were examined, and accessibility ratings were determined. The number of errors and the overall accessibility ratings were compared between the current (2023) and previous (2021) versions of the sites, both archived using the WayBack Machine. Multi-level modelling methods were employed to analyze the data. The results indicated that the most inaccessible components were those requiring visual interaction, and there were no significant changes in the overall accessibility of websites over the years. A closer examination of individual Success Criteria revealed a significant increase in violation rate of 1.4.11 (non-text contrast) from 2021 to 2023. Overall, this research suggests that there has been a lack of improvement in accessibility of the chosen COVID-19 websites over the past two years, and it has also identified areas that need to be improved.
{"title":"Web Accessibility: A Revisit of U.S. State and Territory COVID-19 Websites After Two Years","authors":"Jennie Vo, Dylan H. Hewitt, Yingchen He","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192275","url":null,"abstract":"This study is a longitudinal replication of a website accessibility study conducted in 2021 to compare if COVID-19 sites had improved, declined, or stayed the same in terms of accessibility. Two automated accessibility checker tools, MAUVE++ and WAVE, were used to assess the accessibility of all available U.S. state and territory COVID-19 websites. Each state and territory's home page, testing page, and vaccine page were examined, and accessibility ratings were determined. The number of errors and the overall accessibility ratings were compared between the current (2023) and previous (2021) versions of the sites, both archived using the WayBack Machine. Multi-level modelling methods were employed to analyze the data. The results indicated that the most inaccessible components were those requiring visual interaction, and there were no significant changes in the overall accessibility of websites over the years. A closer examination of individual Success Criteria revealed a significant increase in violation rate of 1.4.11 (non-text contrast) from 2021 to 2023. Overall, this research suggests that there has been a lack of improvement in accessibility of the chosen COVID-19 websites over the past two years, and it has also identified areas that need to be improved.","PeriodicalId":20673,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"51 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1177/21695067231195006
Aiping Xiong, Chuhao Wu, Tianhao Wang, Robert W. Proctor, Jeremiah Blocki, Ninghui Li, Somesh Jha
Proper communication is key to the adoption and implementation of differential privacy (DP). In this work, we designed explanative illustrations of three DP models (Central DP, Local DP, Shuffler DP) to help laypeople conceptualize how random noise is added to protect individuals’ privacy and preserve group utility. Following a pilot survey and an interview, we conducted an online experiment ( N = 300) exploring participants’ comprehension, privacy and utility perception, and data-sharing decisions across the three DP models. We obtained empirical evidence showing participants’ acceptance of the Shuffler DP model for data privacy protection. We discuss the implications of our findings.
适当的通信是采用和实现差分隐私(DP)的关键。在这项工作中，我们设计了三个DP模型(Central DP, Local DP, Shuffler DP)的解释性插图，以帮助外行人概念化如何添加随机噪声来保护个人隐私和保持群体效用。在试点调查和访谈之后，我们进行了一项在线实验(N = 300)，探索参与者对三种DP模型的理解、隐私和效用感知以及数据共享决策。我们获得的经验证据表明，参与者接受数据隐私保护的Shuffler DP模型。我们讨论了我们的发现的含义。
{"title":"Exploring Use of Explanative Illustrations to Communicate Differential Privacy Models","authors":"Aiping Xiong, Chuhao Wu, Tianhao Wang, Robert W. Proctor, Jeremiah Blocki, Ninghui Li, Somesh Jha","doi":"10.1177/21695067231195006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231195006","url":null,"abstract":"Proper communication is key to the adoption and implementation of differential privacy (DP). In this work, we designed explanative illustrations of three DP models (Central DP, Local DP, Shuffler DP) to help laypeople conceptualize how random noise is added to protect individuals’ privacy and preserve group utility. Following a pilot survey and an interview, we conducted an online experiment ( N = 300) exploring participants’ comprehension, privacy and utility perception, and data-sharing decisions across the three DP models. We obtained empirical evidence showing participants’ acceptance of the Shuffler DP model for data privacy protection. We discuss the implications of our findings.","PeriodicalId":20673,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"42 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1177/21695067231194989
Denis Fischbacher-Smith
This paper considers the experience of developing an online, blendedlearning approach for use within university education. It explores the learning design process for the delivery of learning and teaching across three academic ‘worlds’, each of which has a human factors component. These are management, medicine, and psychology, where the common teaching elements across those three disciplines include: risk and uncertainty, human error, systems failure, and the role of information and expertise in decision-making. The approach to learning design reported here is based on a systems approach which integrates the use of visualisation, bespoke academic comics, and animations in addition to more traditional academic publications. The affordances associated with each of those technologies provides students with the opportunity to support their learning in ways that suit their preferences and, because of the synergistic nature of the materials in a student-centred approach, allows them to develop a deeper understanding of the issues.
{"title":"Unleashing “currents of curiosit”: Reconfiguring learning design using academic comics in higher education","authors":"Denis Fischbacher-Smith","doi":"10.1177/21695067231194989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231194989","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the experience of developing an online, blendedlearning approach for use within university education. It explores the learning design process for the delivery of learning and teaching across three academic ‘worlds’, each of which has a human factors component. These are management, medicine, and psychology, where the common teaching elements across those three disciplines include: risk and uncertainty, human error, systems failure, and the role of information and expertise in decision-making. The approach to learning design reported here is based on a systems approach which integrates the use of visualisation, bespoke academic comics, and animations in addition to more traditional academic publications. The affordances associated with each of those technologies provides students with the opportunity to support their learning in ways that suit their preferences and, because of the synergistic nature of the materials in a student-centred approach, allows them to develop a deeper understanding of the issues.","PeriodicalId":20673,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"39 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1177/21695067231192442
Jeffrey Black, Dawn M. Sarno
Phishing is a pervasive threat with annually growing costs. Research has explored how users may be susceptible due to individual differences, email content, and situational factors. However, the influences of persuasive strategies and time pressure on phishing susceptibility remain unclear. The present study explored how the use of Cialdini’s six persuasion principles and time pressure (high vs low vs control) affect users’ abilities to classify 60 emails (50% phishing). Results indicated that time pressure influenced the pace at which users completed the task but was otherwise uninfluential. Rather, participants were generally insensitive to emails in all three conditions, indicating a potential floor effect. Additionally, persuasion principles influenced classifications. Users struggled to classify emails using the authority and commitment/consistency principles the most, and emails using the social proof, liking, and reciprocity principles the least. Overall, our findings suggest that users struggle to identify persuasive phishing attacks, regardless of time pressure.
{"title":"The Influence of Time Pressure and Persuasion Principles on Phishing Detection","authors":"Jeffrey Black, Dawn M. Sarno","doi":"10.1177/21695067231192442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192442","url":null,"abstract":"Phishing is a pervasive threat with annually growing costs. Research has explored how users may be susceptible due to individual differences, email content, and situational factors. However, the influences of persuasive strategies and time pressure on phishing susceptibility remain unclear. The present study explored how the use of Cialdini’s six persuasion principles and time pressure (high vs low vs control) affect users’ abilities to classify 60 emails (50% phishing). Results indicated that time pressure influenced the pace at which users completed the task but was otherwise uninfluential. Rather, participants were generally insensitive to emails in all three conditions, indicating a potential floor effect. Additionally, persuasion principles influenced classifications. Users struggled to classify emails using the authority and commitment/consistency principles the most, and emails using the social proof, liking, and reciprocity principles the least. Overall, our findings suggest that users struggle to identify persuasive phishing attacks, regardless of time pressure.","PeriodicalId":20673,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","volume":"80 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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